Important notice
The course guide is provisional.
The PDF version of the course guide may take a few days to become available in the DDD.

Neuroanatomy and Cell Neurobiology
Code: 42909Credits: 9
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Neurosciences | OB | 1 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Ignacio Delgado Martínez
- Email :
- ignacio.delgado@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Andrea Vidal León
- Joaquim Martí Clua
- Beatriz Almolda Ardid
- Judit Pampalona Sala
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
The prerequisites are those established for admission to the University Master’s Degree in Neurosciences.
Students must have a level of English sufficient to understand scientific articles and other teaching materials related to the module content.
Objectives
The general objective of the module is to provide students with the knowledge required to understand the anatomical, histological, cellular and embryological organisation of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
By the end of the module, students should be able to:
- recognise the macroscopic organisation of the nervous system;
- identify its principal cell types and tissue organisation;
- relate anatomical, histological and cellular characteristics to nervous-system function;
- understand the embryological origin of its principal structures and cell populations;
- analyse anatomical specimens and histological sections;
- apply this knowledge to the interpretation of experimental studies and the main disorders of the nervous system;
- critically analyse possible sex- and gender-related biases in the production and interpretation of neuroscientific knowledge.
Learning outcomes
- CA01 (Explain the different anatomical structures and cellular basis of the nervous system to both specialists in neuroanatomy and cellular neurobiology, as well as to a lay audience.) Explain the different anatomical structures and cellular basis of the nervous system to both specialists in neuroanatomy and cellular neurobiology, as well as to a lay audience.
- CA02 (Relate the tissue architecture of different areas of the nervous system to interpret their structure and function.) Relate the tissue architecture of different areas of the nervous system to interpret their structure and function.
- CA03 (Assess the existence of gender inequalities in neuroanatomy and cellular neurobiology.) Assess the existence of gender inequalities in neuroanatomy and cellular neurobiology.
- KA01 (Recognise the anatomical organisation of the nervous system.) Recognise the anatomical organisation of the nervous system.
- KA02 (Identify the neuronal and glial variabilities present in the nervous system.) Identify the neuronal and glial variabilities present in the nervous system.
- KA03 (Indicate the embryonic origin of the different areas of the nervous system and their cellular contingent.) Indicate the embryonic origin of the different areas of the nervous system and their cellular contingent.
- SA01 (Discover the embryonic origins of the different areas of the nervous system.) Discover the embryonic origins of the different areas of the nervous system.
- SA02 (Analyse the areas of the nervous system.) Analyse the areas of the nervous system.
- SA03 (Analyse histological sections of the central and peripheral nervous systems.) Analyse histological sections of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Contents
Theory and practical-skills programme
Development of the nervous system
Lecturer: Judit Pampalona Sala
Zygote, morula and blastula. Gastrulation. Primary and secondary neurulation. Formation of the spinal cord. Primary brain vesicles and flexures: rhombencephalon, mesencephalon and prosencephalon. Secondary vesicles and their derivatives: myelencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon and telencephalon.
Formation of the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei and hippocampus. Neural crest and its derivatives. Ectodermal placodes. Formation of the peripheral nervous system: spinal and cranial nerves. Formation of the autonomic nervous system. General principles of sensory-organ development. Development of the nervous system during the perinatal period.
Neuroanatomy
Lecturer: Ignacio Delgado Martínez
Introduction to the anatomical organisation of the central nervous system. Brain: lateral, superior and basal views. General organisation of the skull and cranial meninges.
Cerebrum: cerebral hemispheres, basal nuclei and diencephalic region. Brainstem: medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Cerebellum. Reticular formation.
Spinal cord: morphology and general organisation. Spinal nerves. Organisation of the vertebral column and spinal meninges. Ventricular system and cerebrospinal-fluid circulation.
Cranial nerves: nuclei of origin, course and general peripheral distribution. General organisation of the olfactory, visual, gustatory, auditory and vestibular systems.
General organisation of the autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Main ascending and descending pathways. Arterial and venous vascularisation of the central nervous system. Basic principles of comparative neuroanatomy.
Cellular neurobiology
Lecturer: Beatriz Almolda Ardid
Neuronal cytology. Neuronal cytoskeleton and axonal-transport mechanisms. Dendritic branches and synaptic terminals.
Astrocytes: metabolism, cytoskeleton, functions and cellular subtypes. Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier. Microglia: metabolism, functions and cell types. Radial glia: characteristics and functions. Ependymal cells and tanycytes: location, characteristics and functions. Satellite glial cells of the peripheral nervous system.
Myelinating glia: oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Myelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Molecular structure of myelin. Paranodes, Schmidt–Lanterman incisures and nodes of Ranvier. Communication between glial cells and between neurons and glia through cell contacts and soluble factors.
Neurohistology
Lecturer: Beatriz Almolda Ardid
Basic structure of nervous tissue. Microscopic organisation of peripheral nerves and ganglia.
Spinal cord: organisation of the grey and white matter. Cerebellum: organisation of the grey and white matter. Cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex. Laminar organisation of the neocortex. Limbic system and cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus.
Ventricles and choroid plexuses. Organisation and structure of the meninges. Basic techniques for the histological study of the nervous system.
Neurogenesis and gliogenesis
Lecturer: Joaquim Martí Clua
Embryonic, perinatal and postnatal neurogenesis. Neurogenic programmes. Use of thymidine analogues: tritiated thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine.
Neuronal migration and fate. Contribution of radial glia. Convergent and divergent migrations. Neurogenic gradients. Generation of glial cells. Stem cells, progeny cells and the fate of these cells.
Origin and glial characteristics of adult neural stem cells. Germinal zones of the adult brain: neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Animal models and human studies. Neural stem cells and tumour stem cells. Origin and development of malignant brain tumours.
Practical laboratory sessions
Neurohistology laboratory
Lecturer: Beatriz Almolda Ardid
- Analysis of microscopic specimens using histological and immunohistochemical techniques.
- Study of specific cellular markers in tissues affected by neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis.
- Performance and analysis of immunocytological staining in mixed glial-cell cultures and, where appropriate, in mouse or rat brain tissue.
- Identification of different neural populations, ranging from undifferentiated cells to mature cells.
Dissection room
Lecturers: Ignacio Delgado Martínez and Andrea Vidal León
Observation, identification and analysis of anatomical structures in specimens and topographical sections of the human nervous system.
To enter the Faculty of Medicine dissection room, students must:
- wear a laboratory coat and gloves;
- have completed the training or accreditation required by the Faculty for access to the room;
- comply with the safety, respect and confidentiality rules applicable to anatomical material.
Taking photographs, recording videos or making any other audiovisual recording is not permitted in the dissection room.
Sex and gender perspective
A sex and gender perspective will be incorporated across the different blocks of the module. The representation of women and men in neuroscientific research, the appropriate use of sex and gender variables, and possible biases arising from experimental design, sample selection or interpretation of results will be critically analysed.
Where relevant, biological differences related to sex will be studied without automatically attributing them to gender-related factors.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cellular Neurobiology, Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis, and Neurohistology | 26 | 1.04 | |
| On line activities and tutorials | 50 | 2 | |
| Personal study, comprehension and reading articles, conceptual assimilation of contents | 113 | 4.52 | |
| Neuroanatomy and development of Nervous System | 26 | 1.04 |
Directed activities
Lectures
The lectures will be primarily expository and will take place in the classroom according to the established timetable.
The teaching staff will present the fundamental concepts of each block and guide students in their anatomical, histological, cellular and embryological integration. Explanations may be supplemented by anatomical images, histological specimens, diagrams, experimental results and scientific articles.
Students must complement the content presented in class through independent study and consultation of the recommended bibliography.
Laboratory practical sessions
Practical sessions will take place in the dissection room and the Neurohistology laboratory. They will be based on the guided observation and analysis of anatomical specimens, topographical sections, microscopic images, histological preparations and immunocytological techniques.
The practical sessions will be conducted in specifically equipped facilities, within the scheduled timetable and under the in-person supervision of the teaching staff.
Supervised activities
Supervised activities will include engagement with materials and activities made available through the Virtual Campus, reasoned resolution of questions related to the course content, interpretation of images or specimens, and academic tutorials.
Tutorials may be individual or conducted in small groups and must be arranged in advance with the teaching staff.
Autonomous activities
Autonomous activities will include:
- critical reading of texts and scientific articles;
- independent study of the content;
- preparation of diagrams and summaries;
- review of anatomical images and histological specimens;
- conceptual integration of the content of the different blocks.
Language
Teaching will be delivered primarily in Spanish. Certain teaching materials, scientific articles or specific activities may be in English.
Evaluation surveys
Fifteen minutes of one class will be reserved, within the period established by the faculty or degree programme, for students to complete the surveys evaluating teaching performance and the module.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous assessment of training activities | 10% | 4 | 0.16 | CA01, CA02, CA03, KA01, KA02, KA03, SA02, SA03 |
| Practical assessment of Neurohistology | 5% | 1 | 0.04 | CA01, CA02, KA02, KA03, SA02, SA03 |
| Practical assessment of Neuroanatomy | 5% | 1 | 0.04 | CA01, CA02, KA02, KA03, SA02, SA03 |
| Objective written evaluation of Neurogenesis contents | 12% | 0.5 | 0.02 | CA03, SA01 |
| Written assessment of Cellular Neurobiology and Neurohistology | 28% | 1.5 | 0.06 | CA01, CA02, CA03, KA02, SA03 |
| Written assessment of Neuroanatomy and Development of the Nervous System | 40% | 2 | 0.08 | CA01, CA02, CA03, KA01, KA03, SA01, SA02 |
Module assessment
1. Continuous assessment of training activities: 10%
Students’ engagement and active participation in the module’s directed and supervised activities will be assessed.
The mark will be based on evidence such as completion of the proposed activities, reasoned resolution of questions, interpretation of images or specimens, relevant contributions during sessions and completion of tasks indicated by the teaching staff. Attendance alone will not be sufficient to obtain the highest mark.
To be assessed in this activity, students must attend at least 80% of the directed training activities for which attendance is monitored. Justified absences will be considered in accordance with the procedures established by the Faculty.
2. Practical assessment of Neuroanatomy: 5%
A structured objective examination involving the identification and analysis of anatomical structures in specimens, topographical sections or images of the nervous system.
3. Practical assessment of Neurohistology: 5%
A structured objective examination involving the identification and interpretation of structures, cell types and tissue characteristics in histological specimens or images.
4. Written assessment of Neuroanatomy and Development of the Nervous System: 40%
A written examination consisting of objective limited-response questions, short-answer questions and exercises involving the identification or recognition of structures.
5. Written assessment of Cellular Neurobiology and Neurohistology: 28%
A written examination consisting of objective limited-response questions, short-answer questions and exercises involving the identification or interpretation of structures and histological specimens.
6. Written assessment of Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis: 12%
A written examination consisting of objective limited-response questions and short-answer questions on the content of the block.
Criteria for passing the module
For the above weightings to be applied, all of the following requirements must be met:
- Students must not receive a mark of 0.0 in any assessment activity.
- Students must obtain a minimum mark of 4.0 out of 10.0 in each of the following activities:
- practical assessment of Neuroanatomy;
- practical assessment of Neurohistology;
- written assessment of Neuroanatomy and Development of the Nervous System;
- written assessment of Cellular Neurobiology and Neurohistology;
- written assessment of Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis.
- Students must obtain a final weighted mark of at least 5.0 out of 10.0.
When the weighted average is 5.0 or higher but the minimum required mark has not been obtained in one of the activities, the maximum final mark for the module will be 4.8.
The practical assessments and continuous assessment cannot be reassessed. Consequently, a mark below 4.0 in either practical assessment will prevent the student from passing the module in the corresponding assessment period.
Reassessment
Students who have not passed the module may take the reassessment examination for one or more of the following written assessments:
- Neuroanatomy and Development of the Nervous System;
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neurohistology;
- Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis.
The reassessment examination for each block will have characteristics equivalent to those of the corresponding ordinary written examination.
The mark obtained in the reassessment will replace the mark previously obtained for the same block, even when the reassessment mark is lower. Following reassessment, the weightings and minimum requirements established for passing the module will be applied again.
The following activities cannot be reassessed:
- continuous assessment of training activities;
- practical assessment of Neuroanatomy;
- practical assessment of Neurohistology.
To be eligible for reassessment, students must previously have been assessed in activities whose combined weight accounts for at least two thirds of the module’s total mark.
“Not assessable” criterion
Students will receive a final result of “Not assessable” when the assessment activities completed account for less than one third of the module’s final mark.
When students have completed activities accounting for at least one third but less than two thirds of the final mark, their mark will be calculated on the basis of the evidence submitted, but they will not be eligible for reassessment.
Review of marks
The teaching staff will announce, through the Virtual Campus, the date and procedure for reviewing the marks awarded for each assessment activity and the final module mark.
Single assessment
This module does not provide for the single-assessment system.
Irregularities in assessment activities
Any irregularity in an assessment activity—including academic fraud, plagiarism or the improper use of artificial-intelligence tools where such use has not been expressly authorised—that may lead to a significant change in the mark will result in a mark of 0 for that assessment activity.
When obtaining a minimum mark in the affected activity is an essential requirement for passing the module, or when several irregularities occur in assessment activities within the same module, the final mark for the module will be 0.
Irrespective of the academic consequences described above, the corresponding disciplinary procedure may be initiated.
Bibliography
- Felten, D. L., O’Banion, K., Maida, M. S., and Netter, F. H. (2022). Netter. Atlas de neurociencia. 4th edition. Elsevier.
- Junqueira, L. C., and Carneiro, J. (2022). Histología básica. 13th edition. Editorial Médica Panamericana. https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/l3nsql/alma991010721978306709
- Kandel, E. R., Koester, J. D., Mack, S. H., and Siegelbaum, S. A. (2021). Principles of Neural Science. 6th edition. McGraw Hill. Access restricted to UAB users.
- Mai, J. K., and Paxinos, G. (2011). The Human Nervous System. 3rd edition. Elsevier. Access restricted to UAB users.
- Jacobson, S., Pugsley, S., and Marcus, E. M. (2025). Neuroanatomy for the Neuroscientist. 4th edition. Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Matthews, G. G. (2000). Neurobiology: Molecules, Cells and Systems. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons. https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/312ict/alma991011183744006709
- Moore, K. L., Persaud, T. V. N., and Torchia, M. G. (2019). The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 11th edition. Elsevier.
- Pawlina, W. (2020). Ross. Histología: texto y atlas. 8th edition. Wolters Kluwer.
- Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., et al. (2018). Neuroscience. 6th edition. Oxford University Press.
- Sadler, T. W. (2019). Langman. Embriología médica. 14th edition. Wolters Kluwer. Access restricted to UB and UAB users.
- Splittgerber, R. (2019). Snell. Neuroanatomía clínica. 8th edition. Wolters Kluwer.
- Standring, S. (ed.) (2021). Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 42nd edition. Elsevier. https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/l3nsql/alma991010606573306709
- ten Donkelaar, H. J., Kachlik, D., and Tubbs, R. S. (2018). An Illustrated Terminologia Neuroanatomica: A Concise Encyclopedia of Human Neuroanatomy. 1st edition. Springer.
- Waxman, S. G. (2007). Molecular Neurology. 1st edition. Elsevier. Access restricted to UB and UAB users.
- Watson, C., Kirkcaldie, M., and Paxinos, G. (2010). The Brain: An Introduction to Functional Neuroanatomy. 1st edition. Elsevier. https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/l3nsql/alma991010380562006709
The availability of electronic editions can be checked through the UAB Libraries search engine. The teaching staff may provide additional references and scientific articles through the Virtual Campus.
Software
No specific software is required to complete the module. The necessary digital materials will be provided through the Virtual Campus or UAB institutional applications.
Use of artificial intelligence
In this module, artificial-intelligence technologies may be used exclusively as support tools for an initial search for information, comprehension of concepts, language correction or translation of texts.
Artificial-intelligence tools must not be regarded as scientific sources. Students must verify the information obtained against academic literature and are responsible for the accuracy, originality and appropriate citation of the content submitted.
Artificial-intelligence tools may not be used to generate all or part of the answers to examinations, practical tests or other assessable activities unless their use has been expressly authorised by the teaching staff for a specific activity.
When the use of artificial intelligence is authorised in an assessable activity, students must:
- clearly identify which parts have been generated or modified using this technology;
- specify the tools used;
- describe the purpose for which they were used;
- include a critical reflection on their influence on the process and the final outcome.
A lack of transparency or unauthorised use of artificial intelligence will be considered an academic irregularity, and the consequences established in the section “Irregularities in assessment activities” will apply.
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TEm) Theory (master) | 1 | Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABm) Practical laboratories (master) | 1 | Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABm) Practical laboratories (master) | 2 | Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |