
Geodesy and Geographical Location Systems
Code: 106939Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Management of Smart and Sustainable Cities | OB | 2 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- LluĂs Pesquer Mayos
- Email :
- lluis.pesquer@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Miquel Garcia Fernandez
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
Although there are no strict prerequisites, it is recommended to have some knowledge about math, computer science and geoinformation.
Objectives
The general goals of this subject are:
- To know the different models of the earth's surface and its components.
- To identify the types, properties and distortions of the main cartographic projections.
- To know the basics and the applications of the main existing localization systems.
The specific goals of this subject are:
- To introduce the student in the tools for the analysis of georeferenced data.
- To Correctly identify the map projection and datum of a georeferenced base.
- To calculate measures of distance, perimeter and area accurately.
- To know the methods and tools for map projection changes.
- To know the operating principles of location systems based on terrestrial signals and their advantages / disadvantages.
- To know the operating principles of satellite location systems and their advantages / disadvantages.
- To be able to decide which location system is the most appropriate according to the user requirements, the work scenario and the associated complexity / cost.
Learning outcomes
- CM09 (Relate knowledge and skills in geomatics with those provided by other technicians in interdisciplinary teams.) Relate knowledge and skills in geomatics with those provided by other technicians in interdisciplinary teams.
- KM15 (Identify different primary and secondary sources, models and databases of information generated by urban activity, as well as their operating principles, access policies and standards.) Identify different primary and secondary sources, models and databases of information generated by urban activity, as well as their operating principles, access policies and standards.
- SM13 (Develop management platforms, integration of citizen services and governance based on the use of geoinformation.) Develop management platforms, integration of citizen services and governance based on the use of geoinformation.
Contents
Part I. Geodesy and projections
G-1. Earth surface modeling
- Geoid
- Ellipsoid / sphere
- Measures, distortions, uncertainties
G-2. Reference systems (RF)
- Composed reference systems
- Horizontal reference systems
- Vertical reference systems and altimetry
- Frameworks
- Components of a cartographic reference system
- Non-cartographic systems
G-3. Datums and ellipsoids
- Datums and global ellipsoids
- Datums and local ellipsoids
- Transformations between datums
G-4. RF management in geoservices
- Introduction
- Standards for geoservices
- RF particularities in geoservices
- Positional Accuracy and Quality
G-5. Cartographic projections
- Types of projections
- Properties of the projections
- Distortions in projections (area, distance, shape)
- Methods of cartographic reprojection
Part II. Location systems
SL-1. Introduction to localization systems
- Motivations and applications
- Types of location systems
- Location technologies (satellite and terrestrial)
SL-2. Fundamentals and principles of operation
- Location techniques based on time of arrival measurements (TOA)
- Location techniques based on time difference of arrival measurements (TDOA)
- Location techniques based on angle of arrival measurements (AOA)
- Location techniques based on received signal strength measurements (RSS)
SL-3. Satellite location systems
- Introduction to global satellite positioning systems (GNSS)
- Architecture of GNSS systems
- Characteristics of GNSS signals
- Architecture of GNSS receivers
- Performance and sources of errors
- Fundamentals of differential systems
- Integration with inertial sensors
SL-4. Location systems with terrestrial signals
- Location with cellular network signals (4G and 5G)
- Location with broadcast signals (DVB-T, DAB, FM)
- Location with proximity signals (RFID, Bluetooth)
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory sessions | 10.5 | 0.42 | |
| Individual work of the student | 88 | 3.52 | |
| Theory lectures | 24 | 0.96 | |
| Problem-solving lectures | 10 | 0.4 |
Classroom activities
- Theory lectures (TE): presentation of the theoretical contents of the subject.
- Problem-solving lectures (PAUL): solving practical exercises related to theory, with student participation.
- Laboratory sessions (PLAB): application of the theoretical concepts presented in theory and exercices to real practical cases and contact with planning, analysis and simulation software.
Autonomous activities
- Study of the theoretical and practical contents of the subject. Preparation of exercices, laboratory practices and exams.
- Practical works: realization and deepening of laboratory practices. Preparation of the final report of each practice. The practical exercices can be delivered individually or in groups of two people.
The Moodle is the virtual platform used for communication with students, it is also the repository of all practical and theoretical material and the place where you will submit the practical deliverables.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exam Part II | 25 | 2 | 0.08 | CM09, KM15 |
| Laboratory reports | 35 | 12 | 0.48 | KM15 |
| Exam Part I | 25 | 2 | 0.08 | CM09, KM15 |
| Practical sessions | 15 | 1.5 | 0.06 | SM13 |
Evaluation activities
The evaluation activities are the following:
- [50%] Partial exams [ExP]
- [25%] Exam Part I (Geodesy) [ExP1] (individual)
- [25%] Exam Part II (Location Systems) [ExP2] (individual)
- [35%] Laboratory practices [Lab]: delivery of reports and/or knowledge tests of the practices carried out at the laboratory
- [20%] Reports/Tests Part I (Geodesy) [Lab1] (in pairs)
- [15%] Reports/Tests Part II (Location Systems) [Lab2] (in pairs)
- [15%] Practical sessions [Pr]: development of problem sessions to evaluate the knowledge acquired
- [5%] Sessions Part I (Geodesy) [Pr1] (individual)
- [10%] Sessions Part II (Location Systems) [Pr2] (in pairs)
Grades computation
The Final Grade (NF) of the subject will be calculated according to the activities indicated above, applying the next equation:
NF = (0.5 x NF1) + (0.5 x NF2)
Where:
- NF1 = (0.5 x ExP1) + (0.4 x Lab1) + (0.1 x Pr1)
- NF2 = (0.5 x ExP2) + (0.3 x Lab2) + (0.2 x Pr2)
Each activity will be evaluated under the scale of 0 to 10.
To pass the subject, the final grade must be equal to or greater than 5 (NF > = 5.0) and fullfil all the following conditions:
- ExP1 >=3
- ExP2 >=3
- NF1 >=3
- NF2 >=3
If any of the prerequisites are not met (and the \"averagegrade cannot not be computed\"), the student will be assigned a \"fail\" with a maximum grade of 4.5.
Synthesis examination
In accordance with the academicregulations, students who do not pass the subject but who have been evaluated for more than two thirds of this, can be submitted to a synthesis examination.
This exam will allow to recover the part of evaluation corresponding to the partial exams (50% of the final grade), but not the part corresponding to the laboratory activities. The latter, due to their eminently practical nature, can not be recovered.
Repeating students
The repeating students need to be re-evaluated of all the evaluation activities planned for the subject. The note of tests carried out in past courses will not be maintained.
Consideration of \"Not Evaluable\"
Students who do not attend either of the two exams, or the final synthesis test, will be considered \"Not Evaluable\".
Consideration in case of copy or plagiarism
Without prejudice to other disciplinary measures deemed appropriate, and in accordance with the regulations in force, the irregularities committed by the student that may lead to a variation of the grade of an evaluation act will be graded with a zero. Therefore, copying or allowing to copy a practice or any other evaluation activity will involve suspending it with a zero and can not be recovered in the same academic year. In case that there is a particularly relevant difference between the continuous assessment and the final exam grade, the teaching staff may require a complementary oral assessment on part of the subject content in order to confirm the authorship, the level of achievement and the overall coherence of the learning evidence.
Additionally, copy or plagiarism will be communicated to the graduate coordination so that they can apply the corresponding measures.
Uses of Artificial Intelligence
In this subject, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is allowed as an integral part of the development of the work, provided that the final result reflects a significant contribution of the student in the analysis and personal reflection. The student must clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. The lack of transparency regarding the use of AI is considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater sanctions in serious cases..
Honor grades
Granting an Honor qualification is a decision of the faculty responsible for the subject. Honors will be awarded only to students who have shown a great level of excellence in the subject, and not by default to those who have removed the highest marks. The regulations of the UAB indicate that Honors can onlybe awarded to students who have obtained a final grade of 9.00 or more. It can be granted up to 5% of MH of the total number of studentsenrolled.
Communication
The Virtual Campus will be the preferred communication platform with the students. After publishing the grades for each evaluable activity, the review mechanism will be communicated through the virtual campus.
Single evaluation
If it is requested at the begining of the semester, a single global exam will be offered for both partsof the subject (G and SL) which will add questions related to the practices (PAUL and PLAB). The same recovery system will be applied as for the continuous assessment.
Rescheduling
Rescheduling an assessment activity will only be allowed if the criteria described at https://www.uab.cat/doc/criteris_avaluacio_escola
Grades review procedure
An email must be sent to the teaching person responsible for the assessable activity in order to agree on the form (in person or virtual) and the date and time of the review. The person responsible for the subject must be copied. This request must be made no later than 15 days after the publication of the grades.
Bibliography
Part I
- D. Fenna, Cartographic Science: A Compendium of Map Projections, with Derivations. CRC Press. 2006. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2033394]
- J. Grau, E. Bosch, \"Canvi de sistema de referencia ED50 a ETRS89\", Revista Catalana de Geografia IV epoca / volum XIV / num. 36, 2009.
- J. González-Matesanz, A. Dalda, J. A. Malpica, \"A range of ED50-ETRS89 datum transformation models tested on the Spanish geodetic network\". Survey Review, 38 (302), pp. 654-667, 2006. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/plus/C__SA%20range%20of%20ED50-ETRS89%20datum%20transformation%20models%20tested%20on%20the%20Spanish%20geodetic%20network__Orightresult__U]
- D. Li, J. Shan, Z. Shao, X. Zou, Y. Yao, 2013. \"Geomatics for Smart Cities - concept, key techniques and applications\". Geo-Spatial Information Sciences, Taylor&Francis, Vol.16, No.1, March, 13-24 (https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2013.772803)
- D.F. Maune, Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Bethesda, 2007. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1611686]
- J. Nogueras-Iso, F.J. Zarazaga-Soria i P.R. Muro-Medrano, Geographic Information Metadata for Spatial Data Infrastructures: Resources, Interoperability and Information Retrieval, Ed. Springer. 264 pp., 2005. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1845430]
- J. P.Snyder, Map Projections, A Working Manual, U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1395, 1997. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2038409]
Part II
- C. Gentile, N. Alsindi, R. Raulefs, C. Teolis, Geolocation techniques. Principles and applications, Springer, 2013.[https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2024208]
- S. A. Zekavat, R. M. Buehrer (Eds.), Handbook of position location. Theory, practice and advances, IEEE Press Series, John Wiley & Sons, 2012. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2083164]
- P. J.G. Teunissen, O. Montenbruck (Eds.), Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Springer, 2017. [https://cataleg.uab.cat/iii/encore/plus/C__SHandbook%20of%20Global%20Navigation%20Satellite%20Systems__Orightresult__U]
Software
During the practical sessions, next software could be used: MiraMon, ArcGisPro, QGIS, Web apps and MATLAB.
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 61 | Catalan | second semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 611 | Catalan | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 611 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 612 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 613 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |