To develop the teaching activities, a combination of lectures, case studies, and a practical and dynamic approach is used, aiming to create an environment where students maintain an active attitude, capturing their attention and interest while ensuring they remain attentive, focused, and able to participate. This is a primary measure to encourage regular class attendance among students.

For each topic that makes up the course content, a list of "key questions" is compiled to help students identify the basic and most important aspects of each topic, while also serving as a useful tool for studying and anticipating potential exam questions. This list is posted on the virtual campus; each student must read it during the session in which the topic is introduced. Once the teaching of the topic is completed, students must reread the key questions and should be able to mentally answer as many of them as possible. Being able to do so indicates that they have made good use of their time during the sessions and have learned the key aspects of each topic.

The structuring of the topics and the teaching is also a fundamental aspect. For each topic, an outline or guide of the aspects to be covered is prepared, which is also made available to students through the virtual campus.

The classroom computer is used to project all the material that serves as a teaching tool: outlines, regulatory provisions, extracts from judgments, news, images, etc. This is another measure to encourage regular class attendance. A great deal of teaching material is posted on the virtual campus for students: outlines, provisions, judgments, material prepared by public administrations and other institutions, etc. LECTURE NOTES WILL NOT BE POSTED ON THE VIRTUAL CAMPUS, as a third measure to encourage regular class attendance.

Regarding the bibliography, students are encouraged to use a textbook; therefore, two or three are recommended in the teaching guide and the syllabus of each course.

When applicable, the professor will allocate about fifteen minutes of a class to allow students to complete the evaluation surveys regarding teaching performance and course assessment.

In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is not permitted in any of its phases. In this regard, gradable assignments must be completed in class. Any assignment that includes fragments generated by AI will be considered a breach of academic honesty and may result in a partial or total penalty on the activity's grade, or major sanctions in severe cases.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

1. In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is not permitted in any of its phases. Any assignment that includes fragments generated by AI will be considered a breach of academic honesty and may result in a partial or total penalty on the activity's grade, or major sanctions in severe cases.

2. Students are not permitted to leave the classroom before the end of the session, except in cases of justified force majeure (catching public transport does not fall under this consideration).

3. Students will complete several gradable assignments (seminars) on the topics under study. In general, these will be conducted in class on the scheduled date, and will subsequently be discussed and handed in to the professor. The grade for these assignments accounts for 20% of the final grade (2 out of 10 points). To calculate these two points, student participation during the in-class discussion of the assignments will be taken into account. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS (e.g., ChatGPT) MAY NOT BE USED TO COMPLETE THESE ASSIGNMENTS.

These assignments CANNOT BE RETAKEN OR RESUBMITTED, meaning there will be no opportunity for students to complete an extra assignment or exercise to improve their exam grades once they have been taken. To add the coursework grade to the exam grades, the exam score must be equal to or higher than 3.8 (out of the 8 points available for the exams). However, even if this minimum score is reached, the grades will not be combined if there is a clear disparity between the scores of the two partial exams [e.g., 2.7 on the first partial exam (out of 4) and 1.1 on the second partial exam (out of 4), and vice versa].

To pass the course, students must obtain at least 0.5 points (out of the 2 coursework points) from these gradable assignments.

4. Students will take a multiple-choice partial exam covering the first half of the syllabus. This exam is exempting (it eliminates that material from future general exams) and will take place on a date set during the first weeks of class, accounting for 40% of the final grade (4 out of 10 points). In the event of failing this first partial exam, the student must be examined on this material on the day of the second partial exam, and the grades obtained in the first attempt will not be saved.

The other half of the syllabus will be assessed in a second multiple-choice partial exam, also accounting for 40% of the final grade (4 out of 10 points).

The grades of the first and second partial exams will be averaged, except when one of these grades is significantly unbalanced [e.g., 2.7 on the first partial exam (out of 4) and 1.1 on the second partial exam (out of 4), and vice versa].

5. Classroom attitude will also be taken into account in the assessment. The professor will issue negative points to students who repeatedly engage in any of the following behaviors or actions: disregarding the ban on having mobile phones on the desk or using them; arriving late to class or leaving before it ends; talking to peers during the session; not paying attention to explanations (e.g., focusing on laptop content unrelated to the class sessions), etc. Each negative point will be equivalent to –0.25 points out of 10.

6. Final Grade Calculation

The final grade will be the result of adding the coursework grade to the exam grades, and subtracting any negative points issued by the professor to students who displayed inappropriate behavior in class, as detailed in section 5.

7. Resit/Make-up Examination

Only students who have obtained a final grade equal to or higher than 3 points (out of 10) may take the resit examination. Any assessment activities in which irregularities or cheating occurred cannot be retaken.

8. Review of Grades

At the time of each exam, the professor will inform students of the procedure and date for reviewing grades.

9. "No Avaluable" (Not Assessable) Status

Students will receive a grade of "No avaluable" provided they have not completed more than 30% of the assessment activities.

In the event that assessments cannot be conducted in person, their format will be adapted (while maintaining their original weighting) to the possibilities offered by the UAB virtual tools. Homework, activities, and class participation will be managed through Teams. The professor will ensure that students have access to it.

Summary Table of Assessment Activities

• 1st Partial Exam: 40% of the grade
• 2nd Partial Exam: 40% of the grade
• Gradable Coursework: 20% of the grade
• Each negative point will subtract –0.25 points.

Plagiarism and Cheating

The copying or plagiarism of material, both in the case of coursework and exams, constitutes an offense that will be penalized with a grade of zero for that activity. In case of reoffending, the student will fail the entire course.

Please note that a text that reproduces all or a large part of another classmate's work is considered a "copy". "Plagiarism" is the act of presenting all or part of a text by an author as one's own without citing the sources, whether in paper or digital format. See the UAB documentation on "plagiarism" at: http://wuster.uab.es/web_argumenta_obert/unit_20/sot_2_01.html.

Likewise, if a student commits any irregularity that could lead to a significant variation in the grade of an assessment activity, this activity will be graded with a 0, regardless of any disciplinary process that may be initiated. If multiple irregularities occur within the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0.

Single Assessment System (Avaluació Única)

Students who opt for the single assessment system will follow this structure:

• They must pass an exam, which will take place on the same day as the final exam of the course. This exam will be multiple-choice and will be worth 8 points (out of 10).
• They must hand in the gradable assignments specified by the professor at the beginning of the academic year. This submission must be made on the day of the exam. These assignments will be worth 2 points (out of 10).