Human Anatomy: Cardiovascular, Head and Neck
Code: 106728Credits: 4
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine | FB | 1 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Ignacio Delgado Martínez
- Email :
- ignacio.delgado@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Mario Roberto Bueno Gallegos
- Jorge Anibal Francisco Ortíz Cazal
- Edgar Buloz Osorio
- Sergi Call Caja
- Luis Carlos Garcia Rodriguez
- Xavier Domingo Miro
- Martha Napoleone
- Santiago Rojas Codina
- Silvia Inmaculada Martinez-Herrada Fernandez
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
Although there are no official prerequisites, students should preferably have acquired self-directed learning and teamwork skills. Students are also advised to have achieved the objectives of the subject Human Anatomy: General Concepts and the Locomotor System, which is taught during the first semester of the first year.
As practical sessions will take place in the dissection room, students must undertake to preserve the confidentiality and professional secrecy of any data to which they may have access during their learning activities and must maintain professional ethical conduct in all their actions. Students must also hold the safety certificate confirming that they have passed the specific test on good practice in the dissection room.
Objectives
The general objective of the subject is to study the general anatomical organisation of the cardiovascular system, head and neck; the principles of the embryonic development of the cardiovascular system and head; and the systematic anatomy of the cardiovascular system —the heart, the vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circulations, and the lymphatic system—, the musculoskeletal organisation of the head —including the organs of vision and hearing— and the musculoaponeurotic organisation of the neck. This subject is naturally continued in the second-year anatomy subjects and is complemented by other basic and compulsory subjects, including Histology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology and Clinical Semiology.
After successfully completing the subject, students must be able to describe, using international anatomical nomenclature, and recognise the anatomical organisation of the cardiovascular system, head and neck, as well as the principles of their development.
Learning outcomes
- Describe the general anatomical organisation of the systems of the human body in health.
- Explain the formation of the embryonic disc and its principal derivatives.
- Describe the fundamental scientific principles of human anatomy.
- Identify the main techniques used in a human anatomy laboratory.
- Identify the anatomical structures that constitute the different body systems in good health in the major stages of the life cycle and in both sexes.
- Describe anatomical structures through inspection, palpation and/or different diagnostic imaging techniques.
- Describe the factors that determine the form, general aspect and proportions of the human body in health at different stages in life and in both sexes.
- Identify the morphogenetic mechanisms of the main alterations in the development of the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system and the sense organs.
- Know and make correct use of the international anatomical nomenclature.
- Apply knowledge of anatomy to the production of structured review texts.
- Organise and plan time and workload in professional activity.
- Be able to work in an international context.
- Formulate hypotheses and compile and critically assess information for problem-solving, using the scientific method.
- Communicate clearly, orally and in writing, with other professionals and the media.
- Use information and communication technologies in professional practice.
- Describe anatomical structures, organisation and morphogenesis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system and the sense organs.
- Identify the anatomical structures that make up the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, and the sense organs in health, by using inspection, palpation and/or macroscopic methods and different diagnostic imaging techniques.
Contents
Lecture programme (21h)
UNIT 1: HEAD
General organisation of the bony skull: views, cranial fossae and joints.
Morphogenesis: desmocranium and chondrocranium. Development of the neurocranium. Development of the viscerocranium: first and second pharyngeal arches.
Joints of the skull: syndesmoses, synchondroses and synovial joints. Temporomandibular joint. Joint kinematics.
Muscles of mastication: temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid.
Suprahyoid muscles: digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid.
Muscles of facial expression: general characteristics.
Periorbital muscles: occipitofrontalis, corrugator supercilii, depressor supercilii, procerus and orbicularis oculi.
Perinasal muscles: nasalis and myrtiformis.
Periauricular muscles: anterior, superior and posterior auricular muscles.
Perioral muscles: orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major and minor, buccinator, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, caninus, depressor anguli oris —triangularis—, risorius, depressor labii inferioris —quadratus—, mentalis and the cutaneous muscle of the neck —platysma—.
UNIT 2: NECK
General organisation: cervical fasciae and spaces. Cervical triangles: boundaries and contents.
Straight muscles, or infrahyoid group: sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, sternocleidohyoid and omohyoid.
Lateral muscles: scalene muscles.
Craniozonal muscles: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.
Cervical plexus: organisation, terminal branches and collateral branches.
UNIT 3: EYE
Orbital cavity.
Eyeball: anatomical organisation. Outer tunic —sclera and cornea—, middle tunic —iris, ciliary body and choroid— and inner tunic —retina—. Lens. Anterior chamber, posterior chamber and vitreous chamber.
Accessory structures: extrinsic muscles, fasciae and lacrimal apparatus.
UNIT 4: EAR
External ear: auricle and external auditory canal.
Middle ear: tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid air cells.
Inner ear: bony labyrinth —vestibule, semicircular canals and cochlea— and membranous labyrinth —utricle, saccule, endolymphatic duct and sac, and cochlear duct—.
UNIT 5: HEART
General concepts: anatomical organisation, location and relations.
External morphology: surfaces, borders, base and apex.
Internal morphology: fibrous skeleton and chambers.
Working myocardium. Cardiac conduction tissue. Cardiac arteries and veins. Lymphatic vessels. Extrinsic innervation.
Fibrous and serous pericardium. Pericardial cavity.
UNIT 6: DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART AND CIRCULATION
Morphogenesis of the heart: premorphogenetic and morphogenetic phases.
Heart tube: looping, septation and histodifferentiation.
Morphogenesis of the vascular system: development of the aortic arches and the vitelline, umbilical and cardinal veins.
Development of the lymphatic system.
UNIT 7: VASCULAR SYSTEM
Pulmonary circulation: pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries, pulmonary arterial segmentation and pulmonary veins.
Systemic circulation: ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta, including its thoracic and abdominal portions. Common iliac arteries.
Supra-aortic trunks: brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery.
Subclavian arteries. Common carotid arteries and carotid bifurcation. Internal and external carotid arteries. Maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.
Venous systems: internal, external and anterior jugular veins; subclavian veins; jugulosubclavian angles; brachiocephalic veins; superior vena cava; iliac veins and inferior vena cava.
Intercaval venous systems: azygos vein system and vertebral venous plexuses.
Lymphatic system: cisterna chyli —Pecquet’s cistern—, thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
Seminar program (8h)
Seminar 1. Osteology of the skull I
Bones of the neurocranium and viscerocranium —facial skeleton—. Adult and fetal skull: sutures and fontanelles. Lateral view and fossae. Main craniometric landmarks. Correlation of osteology with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Seminar 2. Osteology of the skull II
Frontal view. Orbital cavity. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Correlation of osteology with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Seminar 3. Osteology of the skull III
Internal surface of the cranial base: fossae and foramina. Correlation of osteology with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Seminar 4. Embryonic development of the cardiovascular system
Embryonic development of the cardiovascular system and its application to clinical cases.
Dissection practices (6h)
To enter the dissection room, students must wear a laboratory coat, gloves and any other required protective equipment, and must hold the safety certificate. Taking any type of image —photographs, video recordings, etc.— in the dissection room is strictly prohibited.
Practical session 1. Anatomy of the head and neck
Skull views and cranial fossae. Internal surface of the cranial base. Sutures and fontanelles. Temporomandibular joint. Muscles of mastication. Muscles of facial expression. Muscles and fasciae of the neck. Cervical triangles: boundaries and contents. Cervical plexus.
Practical session 2. Anatomy of the sensory organs: eye and ear
Orbital cavity, eyeball and ocular adnexa —extrinsic muscles and lacrimal apparatus—. Temporal bone and external, middle and inner ear.
Practical session 3. Anatomy of the cardiovascular system
External morphology of the heart. Pericardium. Internal morphology of the heart: cardiac chambers and fibrous skeleton. Coronary arteries. Cardiac veins. Cardiac lymphatic vessels. Cardiac nerves and plexuses. Relations of the heart. Correlation of anatomical heart specimens with diagnostic imaging techniques.
Vascular system: aorta; pulmonary arteries and veins; common iliac arteries; common, internal and external carotid arteries; subclavian arteries and veins; maxillary and superficial temporal arteries; jugular veins and superior vena cava; iliac veins and inferior vena cava.
Intercaval anastomotic systems: azygos vein and vertebral venous plexuses. Lymphatic ducts: thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| THEORY (TE) | 21 | 0.84 | |
| LABORATORY PRACTICES (PLAB) | 6 | 0.24 | |
| READING OF ARTICLES / REPORTS OF INTEREST / PERSONAL STUDY | 48 | 1.92 | |
| Queries with the tutors | 11 | 0.44 | |
| SEMINARS (SEM) | 8 | 0.32 |
Directed activities
Lectures —TE, 21 hours—
Structured presentation of the course content, supported by graphic material and anatomical, embryological, clinical and diagnostic imaging correlations.
Seminars —SEM, 8 hours—
Guided study of skull osteology, interpretation of anatomical images and resolution of cases related to embryonic cardiovascular development. Students may be required to prepare for the seminars in advance.
Laboratory practical sessions —PLAB, 6 hours—
Observation and identification of anatomical structures in specimens, preparations, models, diagrams and images. Before each practical session, students must review the specified content and comply with the rules governing access to and conduct in the dissection room.
Autonomous activities
Reading texts and materials of interest, independent study, preparation of diagrams, conceptual assimilation of the content, and advance preparation for seminars and practical sessions.
Fifteen minutes of one class will be reserved, within the period established by the faculty or degree programme, for students to complete the surveys evaluating the teaching staff’s performance and the subject.
Individual or group tutorials, either face-to-face or online, intended to resolve questions and guide the learning process.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective evaluation of content of the practical program | 34% | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 |
| Objective evaluation type test of the contents of the theoretical program | 66% | 4 | 0.16 | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17 |
EVALUATION
There will be 3 partial exams, two of which correspond to the theoretical contents of the subject and the third to the practical and seminars content
Exams contents
- First partial: theoretical contents corresponding to topics 1, 2, 3 and 4.
- Second partial: theoretical contents corresponding to topics 5, 6 and 7.
- Third partial exam: contents of practices 1, 2, 3 and seminars 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Exams characteristics
The first and second partial examinations will be multiple-choice examinations. Each question will have several answer options, only one of which will be correct. Only incorrect answers will incur a penalty.
The third partial exam will consist in identification of anatomical structures and answering short questions. The identification of the structures will be carried out on diagrams and photographs of the pieces studied in the dissection room and seminars.
Criteria for passing the subject
To pass the subject, students must meet both of the following conditions:
- Obtain a weighted average mark of 5.0 or higher.
- Obtain a mark of 5.0 or higher in each of the three partial examinations.
When the weighted average mark is 5.0 or higher but the mark in any partial examination is below 5.0, the final mark for the subject will be 4.0.
The final mark will be calculated using the following formula:
Final mark = first partial examination × 0.33 + second partial examination × 0.33 + third partial examination × 0.34.
Resit assessment
Students who have not met the criteria for passing the subject may take the resit examinations. They must resit every partial examination in which they obtained a mark below 5.0.
Students may also take the resit assessment to improve the mark obtained in one or more partial examinations. To do so, they must communicate their decision within the deadline and through the procedure established in the examination announcement and must first waive the mark previously obtained. The mark obtained in the resit assessment will replace the previous mark.
The resit examinations will have the same format, marking criteria and passing requirements as the corresponding partial examinations.
Not assessable
Students who have not taken any of the three partial examinations will be graded as not assessable.
Single assessment
This subject does not provide for the single-assessment system.
Use of artificial intelligence
In this subject, artificial intelligence technologies may be used exclusively to support non-assessed activities, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction and translation.
The use of artificial intelligence technologies is not permitted during any examination or assessment activity. When these technologies are used in materials prepared in the context of the subject, students must identify the tools used and critically verify the accuracy of the information obtained.
Failure to disclose the use of artificial intelligence or its unauthorised use in an assessed activity will be considered an academic irregularity.
Irregularities in assessment activities
Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity —including academic fraud, plagiarism or the improper use of artificial intelligence, unless such use is expressly authorised in the course guide— that could lead to a significant change in the mark will result in that assessment activity receiving a mark of 0.
When obtaining a minimum mark in the affected assessment activity is an essential requirement for passing the subject, or when several irregularities occur in assessment activities within the same subject, the final mark for the subject will be 0. Independently of these academic consequences, the corresponding disciplinary procedure may be initiated.
Bibliography
EMBRIOLOGY
Cochard, L.R. (2005) Netter - Atlas de Embriología humana. 1ª edición. Ed. Masson SA. Disponible.
Moore, K.L., Persaud, T.V.N., Torchia, M.G. (2020) Embriología clínica. 11ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Sadler, T.W. (2019) Langman Embriología Médica. 14ª edición. Ed. Wolters Kluwer. Disponible.
ANATOMY
Anastasi, G.; Gaudio, E.; Tacchetti, C. (2022) Anatomía humana - atlas - (editor de la edición en español: Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza). 3 volúmenes. 2ª edición. Ed. Edra - edi-ermes. Disponible.
Anastasi, G.; Gaudio, E.; Tacchetti, C. (2022) Anatomía humana - atlas - (editor de la edición en español: Alfonso Rodríguez Baeza). 1 volumen. 2ª edición. Ed. Edra - edi-ermes. Disponible.
Dalley, A.F., Agur, A.M. (2022) Moore - Anatomía con orientación clínica. 9ª edición. Ed. Wolters Kluvers.
Dauber, W. (2021) Feneis Nomenclatura anatómica ilustrada. 11ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Drake, R.L., Vogl, W., Mitchell, A.W.M. (2020) Gray - Anatomía para estudiantes. 4ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Gilroy, A.M., MacPherson, B.R., Wikenheiser, J. (2022) Prometheus - Atlas de Anatomía. 4ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana. Disponible.
Loukas, M., Benninger, B., Shane Tubbs, R. (2019) Guía fotográfica de disección del cuerpo humano. 2ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Netter, F.H. (2019) Atlas de Anatomía humana. 7ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Paulsen, F. Waschke J. (2018) Sobotta Atlasde Anatomía Humana. 24ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., Lütjen-Drecoll, E. (2021) Atlas de Anatomía humana. Estudio fotográfico del cuerpo humano. 9ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U. (2022) Prometheus - Texto y atlas de Anatomía. 5ª edición. Ed. Médica Panamericana. Disponible.
Spratt, J.D.; Salkowski, L.R.; Loukas, M. (2021) Weir y Abrahams. Atlas de Anatomía Humana por técnicas de imagen. 6ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Standring, S. (2021) Gray’s. Anatomy. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 42th edition. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Waschke J, Koch M, Kurten S, Schulze-Tanzil G, Spittau B. (2018) Sobotta. Texto de Anatomía. 1ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Weber, E.D.; Vilensky, J.; Carmichael, S.W., Lee, K.S. (2015) Netter Anatomia Radiológica Esencial. 2ª edición. Ed. Elsevier. Disponible.
Additional resources and materials will be available on the Virtual Campus. The availability of the listed works can be checked through the UAB Library catalogue.
Software
No specific software is required.
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 3 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 3 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 4 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 4 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 5 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 5 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 6 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 6 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 7 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 7 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 8 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 8 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 9 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 9 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 10 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 10 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 11 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 11 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 12 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 12 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 13 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 13 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 14 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 14 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 15 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 15 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 16 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 16 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 17 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 17 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 18 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 18 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (TE) Theory | 101 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (TE) Theory | 102 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (TE) Theory | 103 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (TE) Theory | 104 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |