
Animal. Plant and Cell Biology
Code: 103251Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Food Science and Technology | FB | 1 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Anna Genesca Garrigosa
- Email :
- anna.genesca@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Ester Carreras Colom
- Elena Albanell Trullas
- Jordi Bartolomé Filella
- Maria Constenla Matalobos
- Ahmed Salama Fadali
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
Since the course is taught in the first semester of the first year of the degree program, there are no prerequisites for enrolling. However, students should review the high school content related to Cell Biology, Plant Biology, and Animal Biology. Moreover, in a discipline like this, where the most up-to-date sources of information are in English, it is recommended that students have a good command of the language.
Objectives
This is a compulsory first-year subject that introduces students to the basis of Cell Biology, Plant Biology, and Animal Biology.
The practical lessons of all three parts of the subject will be given in the subject Experimentation in the Laboratory.
The objective of the subject Animal, Plant, and Cell Biology is to provide the essential basic training that students need to be able to address the study of the production, properties, and mechanisms of deterioration of raw materials of animal and plant origin. These contents will help students to assimilate the contents of the Raw Materials Production and Parasitology subjects that will be taught later in the degree.
Specifically, we propose:
- Study the eukaryotic cell and the compartments that make it up, putting emphasis on the production and transport of biomolecules within the cells and the basic principles of the nutrition of organisms from the cellular level.
- Offer a global vision of the structure, organization, and functions of the main groups of plants and their diversity, with emphasis on the groups with food interest.
- Give students a global vision of the structure and organization of the main groups of animals and their diversity from an evolutionary point of view, emphasizing animal groups with food interest.
Learning outcomes
- Analyse, summarise, resolve problems and make professional decisions.
- Apply the scientific method to resolving problems.
- Communicate effectively with both professional and non-professional audiences, orally and in writing, in the first language and/or in English.
- Establish the basic principles of organisms' nutrition on the cellular scale.
- Establish the interactions between cells for the formation of tissues.
- Classify and interpret animal diversity.
- Identify the major groups of animals that are of value to human nutrition.
- Classify and interpret plant diversity.
- Identify the differential characteristics of plant groups of nutritional value.
- Synthesise the biogenesis of basic organic molecules in the eukaryote cell and their dynamics, and also the dynamics of the cell compartments that contain them.
- Describe the morphology and bionomy of the principal animal taxons of nutritional value.
- Interpret the biological cycles of the animal groups of nutritional value.
- Present the morphology and physiology of plant species of nutritional value.
Contents
BLOCK I (CELL BIOLOGY)
Lesson I.1. Introduction to Cell Biology. The eukaryotic cell and the prokaryotic cell. The animal and plant cells. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - The Plant Cell Wall and Dietary Fiber
Lesson I.2. Structure of cell membranes. Lipids in aqueous solution: amphipathic molecules. Lipid bilayer. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Amphipathic emulsions and emulsifiers. Membrane proteins: functions and relationship with the lipid bilayer. Membrane fluidity. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Margarines and Trans Fatty Acids.
Lesson I.3. Transport of solutes through membrane. Water transport. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Osmosis in Food Preservation: Salted fish and Jams. Bases of protein transport. Passive transport by permeases (glucose permease). Active transport by conveyors. Primary active transport (Na+/K+ pump). Secondary active transport of nutrients (Glu-Na+ co-transporter). FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Importation of Simple and Complex Carbohydrates. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Protein Shakes: Import of Amino acids and Small Peptides.
Lesson I.4. Introduction to the intracellular compartments involved in the production of biomolecules. Mechanisms of transport of biomolecules between compartments. Bases of vesicular transport.
Lesson I.5. Biosynthetic-secretory route. Endoplasmic reticulum: synthesis of proteins and cellular lipids. Golgi apparatus: Glycosylation and distribution of biomolecules. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Industrial Production of Lactases and Proteases.
Lesson I.6. Endocytosis routes. Endosomes and lysosomes in animal cells. Vacuoles in plant cells. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - Discharge of Hydrolytic Enzymes during the Ripening of Fruit and Maturation of Meat.
Lesson I.7. Mitochondria and chloroplasts. Aerobic metabolism in mitochondria of animal and plant cells. Oxidative hydrolysis of nutrients to produce ATP. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in exercise: red and white muscle fibers. HEALTHCARE PERSPECTIVE - Warburg Effect.
Lesson I.8. The cytoskeleton of cells in meat products. Actin and myosin filaments: muscle motors. To become meat after the death of the animal. Action of cytosolic enzymes and release of lysosomal enzymes during meat maturation. FOOD PERSPECTIVE - From Animal to Meat: Rigor mortis and Maturation of Meat.
PART II (PLANT BIOLOGY)
Lesson II.1. Levels of organization in the plant world. Systematics, taxonomy, and botanical nomenclature. Morphological levels of organization: Protophytes, Thalophytes, and Cormophytes. Main families with an interest in food.
Lesson II.2. Reproduction in the plant world. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Biological cycles.
Lesson II.3. Mushrooms and Lichens. General characteristics. Classification and diversity. Uses and applications.
Lesson II.4. Cryptogams. Algae, mosses, and ferns.
Lesson II 5. Higher Plants (Spermatophytes). General characteristics. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Classification systems: Cronquist and APG. Root, stem, leaves, flower, fruits and seeds.
Lesson II.6. Monocotyledons. General characteristics. Ecology and geographic distribution. Classification of Species of greater interest in feeding.
Lesson II.7. Dicotyledons. General characteristics. Ecology and geographic distribution. Classification. Species with greater food interest.
Lesson II.8. The water in the plant. Water relations Absorption and transport by xylem. Transpiration
Lesson II.9. Photosynthesis and respiration. CO2 fixation. Plants C3, C4, and CAM and their interest in plant production.
Lesson II.10. Secondary metabolism. Phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Functions. Products of dietary interest.
Lesson II.11. Growth and development. Plant development. Reproductive development. Flowering. Fruit formation and maturation. Regulatory substances of vegetal growth: types and functions in the plant.
Lesson II.12. Plant ecology. Plants as primary producers. Primary producers in the different biomes of the planet. Mediterranean ecosystems.
PART III (ANIMAL BIOLOGY)
Lesson III.1. Diversity of animals. Animal concept. Levels of animal organization. Animal phylogeny
Lesson III.2. Reproduction and animal development. Type of asexual and sexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis. Adaptive meaning of different reproductive models. Animal development. Ontogeny. Direct and indirect development. Larvae and metamorphosis.
Lesson III. 3. Porifera. Basic characteristics. Importance in mollusc production.
Lesson III. 4. Platyhelminths. Basic characteristics. Adaptations of different groups to parasitism. Importance of platyhelminths in the food industry. Parasite biological cycles.
Lesson III. 5. Nematoda. Basic characteristics. Importance of nematodes in the food industry: Biological cycles of parasitic nematodes.
Lesson III. 6. Molluscs. Basic characteristics of the group. Molluscs in human feeding. Gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods.
Lesson III. 7. Annelids. Basic characteristics of the annelids. Main groups and adaptations to the different habitats. Use of annelids.
Lesson III. 8. Arthropods. General characteristic. Structure and importance of the cuticle. Tagmosis. Crustaceans. Crustaceans in human feeding. Basic characteristics.
Lesson III. 9. Terrestrial Arthropods. Arachnids and Hexapods (Insects). Basic characteristics. Main groups. Insects in human food. Arthropods and food health.
Lesson III. 10. Echinoderms. General organization of the group and adaptive diversification. Echinoderms in human feeding.
Lesson III. 11. Chordata. Characteristics of Chordata. Vertebrates: Agnata and Gnathostomata. Diversity and environmental adaptations. Fish and food.
Lesson III. 12. Vertebrates: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals. Compared general characteristics. Diversity in human feeding.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seminars (supervised work) | 6 | 0.24 | 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 |
| Study and self-learning | 63 | 2.52 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 |
| Lectures and inverted lessons | 37 | 1.48 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 |
| Preparation of assignments | 35 | 1.4 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 |
| Seminars (Cell Biology in context) | 2 | 0.08 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 |
The methodology used in this subject is based on making the student work on the information available to him. The role of the teacher is to give him the information or indicate where he can get it and help him so that the learning process can be carried out effectively. To achieve this goal, the course is based on the following activities:
Theoretical lessons
The content of the theory program will be taught by the teacher in the form of lectures in the Plant Biology part and in the form of reverse lessons or lectures in the Cell Biology and Animal Biology parts. In the case of reverse lessons, students will have recordings of the contents of each class to watch at home. Integrative activities will be carried out in the classroom to work on the contents of the videos. In addition, individual questionnaires will be carried out in the Moodle classroom to be able to track the viewing of the videos by students and Kahoot MCAT-style questionnaires to work on questions in the program related to food science and technology. Problems and practical cases related to food will also be discussed in the classroom.
In the case of both lectures and reverse lessons, theoretical classes will be complemented by the viewing of animations and videos related to the topics covered. The visual aids used in class and in the recordings by the teacher will be available on the Virtual Campus. It is recommended that students bring this material to class or have it available to use as a support when taking notes.
Although it is not essential to expand the contents of the classes taught by the teacher, unless the teacher expressly requests it, it is essential that students regularly consult the books recommended in the Bibliography section in order to consolidate and clarify the contents explained in class. With these classes the student acquires the basic scientific-technical knowledge that must be complemented with the personal study of the topics explained.
Directed Work Sessions
They will consist of seminar sessions and problem sessions.
1. Seminars:
Students will work in groups. In the seminars, the scientific and technical knowledge presented in the master classes which is not previously presented, is worked on with the aim of completing their understanding and going deeper into it. Various activities will be carried out, such as analysis and discussion of videos, preparation of a glossary of scientific terms corresponding to the topics being worked on, and resolution of questions related to the topics covered using information from different sources (scientific articles, press releases, etc.).
The mission of the seminars is to promote the capacity for analysis, synthesis and problem solving, as well as critical reasoning.
2. Problem-solving sessions:
The resolution of problems and questions allows a very interesting deduction and integration exercise for the training of students. Theoretical knowledge is complemented by solving problems related to the topics covered in theory classes. The collection of problems will also be found on the Virtual Campus in * pdf format. Before the classroom problem session, students will be required to submit their exercises via Moodle Classroom. In addition, in the problem sessions, each student will have to bring and deliver the solved problems corresponding to the topics that will be worked on in that session. The teacher will ask a random student to solve each problem and explain it to the rest of the class with the help of the teacher.
The mission of the problem classes is to guide the student in terms of his level of learning, to bring him closer to the scientific method, and to help him to integrate concepts and knowledge.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial exams | 80% in the BV block. In the BC and BA blocks: up to 20% classroom quizzes + at least 60% midterm exam | 5 | 0.2 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 |
| Assessment of seminars | 20% | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3 |
The single assessment system will not be applied in this subject. The assessment of this subject will be carried out continuously in the different activities that have been programmed. To pass the subject, a minimum overall score of 5 out of 10 must be achieved. The three blocks (Cell Biology, Plant Biology, and Animal Biology) contribute the same to the final grade of the subject (33.3 % for each block). The evaluation will be organized by evaluating the following sections:
Assessment of the theoretical contents:
The assessment of the theoretical contents has an overall weight of 85% of the final grade. In this part, the knowledge acquired by the student in the subject will be evaluated individually, as well as his capacity for analysis, synthesis, and critical reasoning. In the Blocks of Cell Biology and Animal Biology, this 85% of the mark will be distributed as follows: up to 20% of the mark in each block will be derived from the questionnaires that the student takes in the classroom, and at least the remaining 65% will be derived from the mark that the student obtains in the partial exam. The weight of the evaluable activities that are done in class with respect to the exam will depend on the number of face-to-face lessons that can be done. In the Plant Biology Block, 85% of the block grade will be obtained from the corresponding midterm exam (or the resit exam). Thus, there will be 3 partial exams (one for each part of the subject) that will be eliminatory from the subject when the mark obtained by the student is equal to or superior to 5 out of 10. In the second-chance exams, students will also have to achieve a minimum mark of 4,5 to average with the notes from the other blocks. Those students who, having reached the minimum score to pass the subject, want to raise their mark will also be able to take the resit exam. In this case, the grade that will prevail will be that of the last exam.
Assessments of seminars and problems: Both the work (questions/problems) that will have to be presented on the seminar days and problem classes, as well as the evaluation tests (group and individual) that will be developed throughout the seminar, will be evaluated. This assessment has an overall weight of 15% of the final grade.
Second chance examination: Students who have obtained a mark in the partials equal to or higher than 4.5, but do not reach 5 after making the weighted average between the mark of the theoretical contents and the mark of seminars will have to present to the second chance examination of the corresponding block or blocks. Students who have obtained a grade lower than 4.5 in the partials will also have to take the corresponding second-chance exams
Not assessable: A student will be considered non-assessable if he participates in assessment activities that represent less than 15% of the total mark.
Students who have inappropriate behaviors in relation to the authorship of the activities performed (plagiarism, copying, etc.) will receive a zero in the activity in question. This will affect both the student who copied and the one who was allowed to copy. In case of recidivism, the students involved will suspend the subject.
Restricted use: In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively for study support, literature or information searches, text proofreading, and translation. If AI is used in any submitted work, students must clearly identify which parts have been generated using these technologies, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these tools have influenced both the process and the final outcome of the assignment. Failure to disclose the use of AI in this assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or total reduction of the assignment grade, or more severe disciplinary sanctions in serious cases.
Any irregularity committed in an assessment activity (including academic fraud, plagiarism, or the improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorized in the course syllabus) that may lead to a significant alteration of the grade will result in a grade of 0 for that assessment activity. As the course syllabus establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in this assessment activity is an essential requirement for passing the course, the final grade for the course will be 0. Furthermore, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.
Bibliography
Biologia Cel·lular
- Alberts B, Bray D, Hopkin K, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Introducción a la Biología Celular. (5th ed). Editorial Médica Panamericana. Madrid. 2021
- Cooper GM, Hausman RE. La Célula (8ª Edición). Marbán S.L. Madrid 2022
Biologia Vegetal
- Barceló, J., Nicolás, G., Sabater B., Sanchez, R. Fisiologia Vegetal. Pirámide. Madrid.
2001
- Història Natural dels Països Catalans Vol. 4, 5 i 6. Ed.Enciclopèdia Catalana. Barcelona.1985.
- Raven, P.H. Evert, RF i Eichorn, SE Biología de las plantas. Vols 1 i 2. Omega. Barcelona 1991-1992.
- Strasburger, E. Tratado de Botánica (35 edició).Omega. Barcelona. 2004
Biologia Animal
- Hickman CPJr, Keen SL, Eisenhour DJ, Larson A, l'Anson H, Pardos Martínez P. 2021. Principios integrales de zoología 18ª ed. Ed. Edra
- HISTÒRIA NATURAL dels Països Catalans. Vol. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Ed. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
El contingut d'alguns llibres es pot consultar per internet al NCBI, a la següent adreça:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=Books&itool=toolbar:
Enllaços web:
• Animal Diversity Web: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/
• Adena/World Wildlife Found: http://www.wwf.es/
• Biodidac: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca
• Comissió Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoològica: http://www.iczn.org/
• Museu Nacional de Ciències Naturals de Madrid (CSIC): http://www.mncn.csic.es/
• Natural History Museum, Londres: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/
• Tree of Life Project: http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.htm
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization): http://www.fao.org/
Software
No special software will be used
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |