Animal and Cell Biology
Code: 102652Credits: 7
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Veterinary Medicine | FB | 1 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Maria Constenla Matalobos
- Email :
- maria.constenla@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Anna Genesca Garrigosa
- Sara Dallares Villar
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
There is no official prerequisite, but in order to take this subject it is convenient that student review the contents related to animal and cell biology of the subject of Biology of the High school.
Objectives
The objective of this subject is twofold:
- the study of the eukaryotic cell, the knowledge of intracellular molecules and the interactions between cells allowing the construction of multicellular organisms.
On successfully completing this subject, students will be able to:
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the main levels of organization and architectural patterns of non-arthropod invertebrates.
3. Understand the systematics and phylogenetic relationships between the main groups of animals as a result of evolutionary and adaptive processes.
4. Demonstrate knowledge about the morphological characteristics, biological cycles and ecological importance of the main metazoan groups, as well as their interactions with human beings, with specialemphasis on those with more veterinary interest, such as parasites or species of economic interest.
5. Understand the structure ofthe eukaryotic cell and relate it to the operation of its compartments.
6. Acquire the integrated concept of a cell thanks to the knowledge about the ability to interact with other cells and with the external environment.
7. Understand the basic processes of operation of an organism based on the operation of the cell and each of its compartments.
8. Master basic terminology and be able to express the concepts with ownership and correctly describe the cellular structures.
9. Demonstrate knowledge about the diversity of animal cells.
Learning outcomes
- Identify the large animal groups and their phylogenetic relationships.
- Describe and identify the different levels of animal organisation.
- Define the principles and methods of animal classification.
- Analyse, synthesise and resolve problems and make decisions.
- Work effectively in single or multidisciplinary teams and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity for the work of others.
- Recognise the morphology and bionomics of the main animal taxa of veterinary interest.
- Apply dissection methods to the observation and analysis of the internal anatomy of representative samples of the main animal groups of veterinary interest.
- Observe, handle and preserve animal specimens.
- Interpret the development, growth and biological cycles of the main animal taxa of veterinary interest.
- Relate the structure of the different parts of the cell and their functions.
- Integrate the functions of the different organelles and cell structures with the overall functioning of the cell.
- Describe the molecules, structures and processes involved in a cell's interaction and communication with the external environment and with other cells.
- Explain the functioning and regulation of the cell cycle and cell division.
- Identify the basic functioning processes of an organism from the functions of the cell and each of its compartments.
Contents
ANIMAL BIOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION. Characteristics of living beings. The kingdoms of organisms and the concept of animal. The concept of species. Classification of organisms: taxonomy and systematics.
2. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION. Structural organizational levels. Animal organization plan. Concept and type of symmetry.
3. REPRODUCTION. Type of reproduction: asexual and sexual. Parthenogenesis. Adaptive meaning of the different reproductive patterns. DEVELOPMENT: Biological cycles. Larval and metamorphosis development.
4. PROTOZOA. The concept of Protozoa. Shape and function. Representative types. Main parasitic groups.
5. PORIFERA. Cellular elements and structural types. CNIDARIA. Basic organization Biological cycles
6. PLATYHELMINTHES. Basic organization of Turbellaria, Trematoda and Cestoda. Morphological particularities and biological cycles of parasitic platyhelminthes.
7. NEMATODES. General characteristics. Biological cycles of parasitic nematodes.
8. MOLLUSCS. General characteristics. Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda. Groups of veterinary interest
9. ANNELIDS. General characteristics. Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea.
10. ARTHROPODS. General characteristics. Structure and importance of the cuticle. Basic elements of a segment. Chelicerata. Mites
11. CRUSTACEANS. Basic organization. Reproduction and development. Groups of veterinary interest.
12. INSECTS. Basic organization. The flight. Development and metamorphosis. Groups of veterinary interest.
13. EQUINODERMATA. General characteristics. (seminar)
14. CHORDATA. General characteristics and basic organization. Basic organization of Chephalochordata. General characteristics of the vertebrates. FISH. Agnatha, Condrichtia and Osteichtia. Basic organization Structural and functional adaptations.
15. AMPHIBIANS. General characteristics. Anura and Caudata. REPTILS. Adaptations to the terrestrial environment. The amniota egg. Diversity
16. BIRDS. Morphological and physiological adaptations on flight. Endotherm. MAMMALS. General characteristics. Tegument and derivatives. Patterns of feeding and dental formulas. Diversity
CELL BIOLOGY
1. TRANSMISSION AND EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION. DNA replication. The End of Eukaryotic Chromosome Replication: Telomere Dysfunction, Aging, and Cancer. Transcription and Translation. Assisted protein folding. Accumulation of protein aggregates: Alzheimer's. Transmission of protein aggregates: Prions. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Temperature-sensitive mutations: Siamese cats.
2. CHROMOSOMES AND GENE REGULATION. Structure of the eukaryotic chromosome. Regulation of gene transcription. Euchromatin and heterochromatin. Inactivation of the X chromosome. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Calico cats.
3. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE. The lipid bilayer. Membrane proteins: Functions and connection with the lipid bilayer. Fluidity of the membrane. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Adaptations to maintain membrane fluidity in animals in cold environments.
4. TRANSPORT THROUGH MEMBRANES. Simple diffusion. Bases of transport by proteins. Passive transport by permeases. Active transport by conveyors: TA1 and TA2. Passive transport by canals. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – CFTR and oral rehydration. HUMAN PERSPECTIVE – Importing simple and complex carbohydrates.
5. CYTOSKELETON. Microtubules. Actin filaments. Intermediate filaments. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – From the animal to the meat: Rigor mortis and maturation of meat.
6. CELL COMPARTMENTS TRANSPORT OF BIOMOLECULES BETWEEN COMPARTMENTS. Evolutionary origin of organelles. Transport of proteins and lipids between compartments. Basics of vesicular transport. Coating proteins and SNARE proteins. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Botulism
7. BIOSYNTHETIC-SECRETORY ROUTE. Endoplasmic reticulum: protein and lipid synthesis, protein glycosylation. Golgi apparatus: glycosylation of lipids and proteins, distribution of proteins and lipids. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE 1 – I-cell disease. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE 2 – The paradox of blood groups
8. LIVES OF ENDOCYTOSIS. Phagocytosis. Pinocytosis. Endocytosis by Receptors. Endosomes. Lysosomes. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – The role of endosomes in diabetes.
9. MITOCHONDRIA. Composition of mitochondrial membranes and compartments. Obtaining energy from food. Oxidation of metabolites. Respiratory chain. Oxidative phosphorylation. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during physical exercise. Mitochondrial DNA. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Warburg effect.
10. CELLULAR COMMUNICATION LULAR. Signal molecules. Receptors inside the cell. Receptors on the cell surface. HUMAN PERSPECTIVE – The wall is a marathon. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Ras hyperactivating mutations.
11. CONTROL OF THE CELL CYCLE LULAR. Basics of cell cycle control. Control points (G1, G2 and M). Disobeying social control of cell proliferation. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. HUMAN PERSPECTIVE 1 – Incidence of cancer and age. VETERINARY PERSPECTIVE – Animal breeds with mutations in the myostatin gene. HUMAN PERSPECTIVE 2 – Physical exercise and follistatin.
LABORATORY CLASSES:
1. Practical session 1. Observation and study of non-arthropod protists and invertebrates
2. Practical session 2. Observation and study of Molluscs: anatomy and diversity.
3. Practical session 3. Arthropods: anatomy and diversity. Crustaceans, Chelicerates and Insects.
4. Practical session 4. Chords: Fish: anatomy and diversity.
* The practices of this subject are part of the content of Animal Biology, since the practices of the part of Cell Biology are taught within the subject Integrated Laboratory.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tutorials for preparing work and solving problems | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
| Laboratory practices | 8 | 0.32 | 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 |
| Seminars | 2 | 0.08 | 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
| Theorical lessons | 44 | 1.76 | 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
| Preparation of work, resolution of questions and problems | 34 | 1.36 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
| Study and self-learning assay | 70 | 2.8 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
| Seminars (supervised work) | 6 | 0.24 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 |
The methodology used in this subject is based on facilitating the active participation and construction of the learning process by the student, through different methodological strategies. In this sense, the sessions of the subject will be divided into master classes, seminars and problems, and laboratory practices, which are scheduled in an integrated way so that the student must relate throughout the course the content and activities scheduled for achieve the indicated competencies. In this sense, the role of the teacher is to give students the necessary information or indicate where they can get it and help and tutored so that the learning process can be done effectively.
To achieve this goal, the subject is based on the following activities:
-Master classes: Master classes will be lectures and flipped classes. Students will have the videos of the contents of each flipped class to see at home before each face-to-face class. In class, there will be activities to work on the contents of the videos. These activities will consist of individual questionnaires in the Moodle classroom to monitor the viewing of the videos by students (in some cases these questionnaires can also be carried out in a non-face-to-face format, when the teacher specifies so), group questionnaires on different platforms to stimulate the approach such as Kahoot or MCAT-style questionnaires to stimulate the raising of doubts by students that the teacher will resolve in class, as well as problems, practical cases or questions to work on in the classroom. In the case of both the master classes and the flipped lessons, the theoretical classes will be complemented with the viewing of animations and videos related to the topics covered. The visual aids used in class and the recordings by the teacher will be available on the Virtual Campus. It is recommended that students view and bring this materialto class to use as a support when taking notes. Although it is not essential to expand the contents of the classes taught by the teacher, unless the teacher expressly requests it, students are advised to regularly consult the books recommended in the Bibliography section to consolidate and clarify, if it is necessary, the contents explained in class. With these classes the student acquires the basic scientific-technical knowledge of the subject that must complement with the personal study of the topics explained.
Seminars
The seminars of this subject will be given in a face-to-face format, if the health and university authorities allow it. They will consist of directed work classes, with videos in some sessions and problem classes.
1. Directed work classes:
In each seminar sessionstudents will work on a glossary of scientific terms, with different methodology,corresponding to the theme / topics that are worked on in the corresponding session and / or related questions. In most cases, the subject / will have previously explained at theoretical classes. The list of the glossary by subjects will be available from the beginning of the course in the CV.
Different activities will be alternated:
-Discussion and correction about the terms of the glossary and exercises / problems delivered in previous sessions and about the questions of the evaluation test carried out in the previous session.
- Group discussion of the resolution of the questions by the students, with the participation of the teacher.
- Preparation by each group of a list of questionsV / F on the subject or topics that has been explained intheory. Discussion and correction of the questions.
- Projection of a video. Analysis and discussion of the video. The student can consult on the web of the subject the transcription of the videos (original in English) that are projected.
The last 5 minutes will be devoted to an individual assessment consisting of approximately 10 true/false questions on the topics covered during the seminar or in the videos, as well as the definition of one term from the glossary.
The goal of the seminars is to promote the capacity for analysis and synthesis, critical reasoning and the capacity to solve problems.
2. Classes of problems:
The resolution of scientific problems allows a very interesting deduction and integration exercise for the scientific training of the students. The theoretical knowledge is complemented with the resolution of problems related to the topics covered in the theory classes. The compilation of the problems will also be found in the virtual campus in / pdf format. In each problem session each student individually will have to take and deliver the solved problems corresponding to the theme / s that are worked in the corresponding session.
The teacher will ask a student randomly to present theresolution of a problem and explain it to the rest of the classmates with the helpof the teacher.
The goal of the problem classes is to guide the student regarding their level of learning, approaching it to the scientific method and helping the integration of concepts and knowledge.
Practical sessions
The practical sessions of this course correspond to Animal Biology During the practical sessions students will work with zoological material in the laboratory (observation of preparations and specimens, study of anatomy and morphology of groups, dissections, identification of specimens, etc.) and will complement it with the study and the questions posed to the corresponding practice scripts.
The objective of the practical sessions is to complete andreinforce the zoological knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes and seminars. Practical sessions will be stimulated and developed in the student empirical skills such as the ability to observe, analyse and recognize zoological diversity.
At the end of all the practices the students will do an on-line questionnaire about the practical sessions.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seminars | 10% | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
| Laboratory sessions | 14% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
| Partial exams | 76% (of which up to 10% will correspond to the marks of the activities related to the theorical sessions) | 6 | 0.24 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 |
The assessment of this subject will be carried out continuously:
Assessment of the master classes:
The assessment of the master classes has a global weight of 76% of the final mark. By this part the knowledge acquired by the student in the subject will be assessed individually, as well as the capacity for analysis and synthesis, and critical reasoning.
This 76% is distributed as follows:
- The part of Animal Biology has a weight of 33%, of which at least 28% will be obtained from the partial exam and up to a maximum of the remaining 5% will derive from the questionnaires that students do at the classroom or in online format (depending on the number of flipped classes done during the course).
- The part of Cell Biology has a weight of 43%, of which at least 38% will be obtained from the partial exam and up to a maximum of the remaining 5% will derive from the questionnaires that students do in the classroom. (depending on the number of flipped classes done during the course).
Therefore, in addition to the evaluation activities throughout the master classes, there will be 2 partial exams. A mark of at least 4.5 out of 10 is required to successfully pass the partial exam.
Second-chance exam: Students who do not pass (with a 4.5) any of the 2 partial exams must be reassessed. Students who, having reached the minimum score to pass the subject, want to upload a mark will also be able to submit to the Second-chance exam. In this case, the note that will prevail will be that of the last exam.
To make the average with the other activities (seminars / problems, practices) it is necessary to reach at least a 4.5 in the Second-chance exam or have successfully passed the two partial exams.
Assessment of seminars /problems:
The assessment of this part consists on both: small works (issues / problems) that should be presented on seminar day and the participation and the assessment tests (by groups or individually) that will be developed throughout the seminar.
This part has a global weight of 10% of the final mark (which is divided into 7.5% of the Animal Biology seminars and 2.5% of the Cell Biology problem classes).
To make the average with the other activities (exams, practices) it is necessary to have a mark of at least 4.
Evaluation of the practical sessions:
At the end of all practical sessions the student will answer an on-line test individually that assesses the use and achievement of the specific skills of each practice. Participation and behaviour in the laboratory classes will also be taken into account.
This part has a global weight of 14% of the final mark. To make the average with the other activities (seminars / problems, exams it is necessary to have a mark of at least 4.
In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is not allowed in any of its phases. Any work that includes fragments generated with AI will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or higher sanctions in serious cases.
Not assessable:
A student is considered not assessable if he participates in assessment activities that represent less than 15% of the total mark.
This course does not foresee the one single assessment system.
Bibliography
Animal Biology
HICKMAN, C.P., KEENS L.,, EISENHOUR, D.J., LARSON, A., L’ANSON, M., PARDOS MARTINEZ, F. (2021). Principios integrales de Zoologia. Ed. Edra. 18a edició.
HISTÒRIA NATURAL dels Països Catalans. Vol. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Ed. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
Cell Biology
ALBERTS B, BRAY D, HOPKIN K, JOHNSON A, LEWIS J, RAFF M, ROBERTS K, WALTER P. Introducción a la Biología Celular. 5ª Edición. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Madrid. 2021
ALBERTS B et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 7th edition. W.W. Norton and Company. 2022
COOPER GM, HAUSMAN RE. La Célula (8ª Edición). Marbán S.L. Madrid. 2022
KARP G (2009). Biología Celular y Molecular. McGrawn Hill. Quinta edición
On-line Books: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=Books&itool=toolbar
Websides:
Aula Virtual de l’Autònoma Interactiva: https://e-aules.uab.cat/2020-21
Animal Diversity Web: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/
Adena/World Wildlife Found: http://www.wwf.es/
Biodidac: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca
Comissió Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoològica: http://www.iczn.org/
Museu Nacional de Ciències Naturals de Madrid (CSIC): http://www.mncn.csic.es/
Natural History Museum, Londres: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/
Tree of Life Project: http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html
Software
No special software will be used.
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (TE) Theory | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 3 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 3 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 4 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 5 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 6 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 7 | Catalan/Spanish | first semester | morning-mixed |