The teaching and learning process of the course and the student's training are based on the following activities:

1. Directed activities:

1.1. Lectures: Students acquire the conceptual foundations of the subject through the transmission of knowledge by the lecturer, establishing the legal, regulatory, and case-law framework.

1.2. Seminar sessions: These constitute a learning environment in which students take a predominantly active role, working together with the lecturer to analyse and interpret questions, issues, or previously prepared cases, with the aim of developing and consolidating the essential content covered in the lectures.

2. Autonomous activities: These are activities in which students organise their time and effort independently, either individually or in groups.

2.1. Study of the course.

2.2. Preparation of assignments, reports and/or practical activity documents, which will be submitted and presented in class. These may include the resolution of practical cases proposed by the lecturer, the drafting of legal documents, the preparation of case-law summaries, critical reviews of books and supplementary readings, or the analysis of legislation, among other activities.

2.3. Research on bibliography, case law, and other materials for the resolution of practical cases and to complement the theoretical aspects of the course.

3. Supervised activities: Tutorials for monitoring the student's progress throughout the course or providing support in the completion of the activities.

Note: Fifteen minutes of one class session, within the timetable established by the faculty or degree programme, will be allocated for students to complete the surveys evaluating the teaching performance of the lecturer and the course itself.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

1. Continuous Assessment:

The competencies associated with this course will be assessed on a continuous basis through the following activities:

• Examinations. The written examination(s) will account for 50% of the overall grade. A final examination covering the entire course will be held to assess the overall acquisition of competencies, knowledge, and skills. Partial examinations may also be administered.

• Practical exercises and/or the resolution of practical cases. These may be completed individually or in groups. They will account for 25% of the final grade.

• Preparation of a research paper on a topic related to the course and its oral presentation in class, accounting for 25% of the final grade.

At the beginning of the course, the syllabus set out in this course guide will be presented and explained, together with the schedule of activities, the assessment system, and the reassessment procedure for failed assessment activities. Reassessment may only be undertaken by students who have participated in the continuous assessment process. All of this information will also be made available on the Virtual Campus/Moodle.

Students who copy or attempt to copy during a written examination will receive a grade of 0 for that examination. Students who submit an assignment containing plagiarism will receive a grade of 0 and will be issued a warning. In the event of repeated misconduct, the student will fail the course.

2. Single Assessment:

Students who have applied for and have been granted access to the single assessment system may undertake a single assessment.

The single assessment will consist of three parts designed to enable students to demonstrate that they have achieved the learning objectives and outcomes, as well as the skills and competencies established for the course.

The first part will consist of an examination covering the entire course, with characteristics similar to those of the final examination in the continuous assessment system, and will account for 50% of the final grade.

The second part will consist of a practical activity or case study, accounting for 25% of the final grade. The third part will consist of the preparation, submission, and oral defence of a research paper related to the subject matter of the course.

As a whole, the single assessment will have a level of difficulty comparable to that required in the continuous assessment system. The same criteria used to determine the status of "not assessable" in the continuous assessment system will also apply to the single assessment.

This information will also be made available on the Virtual Campus/Moodle.

A student will be considered Not Assessable if they have not provided the minimum evidence required for the established assessment criteria to be applied. Specifically, a student will be recorded as Not Assessable if:

• Under the continuous assessment system, they have not submitted at least 30% of the scheduled assessment activities, or have not attended any of the written examinations, nor participated in any of the practical activities or individual or group assignments.

• Under the single assessment system, they have not completed any of the required assessment activities (theoretical examination, practical case resolution, preparation and defence of the research paper).

This status will be determined by the lecturer on the basis of the effective monitoring of the student's activities and the evidence collected throughout the course.

ON THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES

For this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted on a restricted basis. Specifically, AI may be used as a support tool for:

• bibliographic searches or general information searches;

• the spelling and grammatical revision of texts;

• occasional translations;

• the preliminary organisation of ideas in the preparation of assignments and practical cases, always under the student's critical supervision.

The use of AI to automatically generate answers for practical cases, assignments, presentations, or examinations is not permitted.

Students must clearly identify which parts of an assessment activity have been generated or assisted by AI, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these technologies have influenced both the process and the final outcome.

A lack of transparency regarding the use of AI will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in the partial or total penalisation of the assessable activity, or more severe sanctions where appropriate.

In particular, any irregularity committed in an assessment activity (academic fraud, plagiarism, or the improper use of AI, unless such use has been expressly authorised in the course guide) that may lead to a significant alteration of the assessment outcome shall result in that assessment activity being awarded a grade of 0. Where the course guide establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in that assessment activity is an essential requirement for passing the course, or where multiple irregularities occur in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course shall be 0. Furthermore, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities. The teaching staff reserve the right to conduct oral interviews or require an alternative assessment in order to verify the student's effective acquisition of knowledge and competencies and, consequently, the validity of the assessment activities completed by the student.