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Metamorphic Petrology

Code: 101057
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Geology OB 3

Contact lecturer

Name :
Joan Reche Estrada
Email :
joan.reche@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Joan Reche Estrada

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

Remarcably, students must have acquired the previous competences related to previous matters as Fundamentals of Geology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Mineralogy, Petrology (Sedimentary and Igneous), Geochemistry and Structural Geology I.

In particular, the following concepts are recommended to be fresh:

  • A basic knowledge on the Earth internal structure, Minerals and Rocks, Internal Geological Processes, Metamorphism and Magmatism
  • Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics, in particular those related to solid-solid reactions or basic phase diagrams knowledge
  • Energy in the form of work and heat
  • The systems of equations, matrix algebra and calculus (functions and their derivation and integration)
  • The composition, crystal Structure and crystal-chemistry of the main rock forming Minerals and its main genetic environments
  • Basic concepts in Optical mineralogy
  • The classification, nomenclature, main mineralogical, textural and geochemical characteristics and the genesis of the main igneous and sedimentary rocks
  • The geochemistry of diagenetic and endogenous processes (magmatic, metamorphic and interaction between fluids and rocks at high pressures and temperatures, Stress-strain relationships, rheology, main characteristics of the fragile and ductile regimes of deformation and the different structures related to both regimes, their description at different scales and their graphical representation through schemes or maps.

Objectives

The main objectives of the subject are:

  •     Learn the characteristics of metamorphism and metamorphic rocks: mineralogical, textural, geochemical, genesis and geotectonic contexts.
  •     Learn to classify and name the different types of metamorphism and metamorphic rocks.
  •     Learn the basics of the modern methods in Metamorphic Petrology and its main historical landmarks.
  •     Learn to identify and interpret the microstructures of metamorphic rocks in hand sample and the petrographic microscope.
  •     Learn the different processes and factors that characterize petrogenesis of metamorphic rock and the tools to characterize them.
  •     Learn to identify the different types of metamorphic rocks in hand samples and the microscope.
  •     Learn to describe and represent graphically and interpret the petrographic data on mineralogy and texture and the geochemical observation datasets.
  •     Learn the basics of the integration of observation data with petrogenetic theory, in a quantitative way, using physic-chemical, mathematical and computer science tools.

- Theory:

Unit I - To have a global vision of metamorphic phenomena, emphasizing the following aspects: definition, typology, types of geological contexts, relationships with global tectonics and the relation and coexistence with fluids and to kinetic variables. To know the basics of the nomenclature of the metamorphic rocks and of the work methodology.

Unit II - To know the theoretical basics of the chemical-mineralogical and textural analysis and how they are used to find out the evolution of metamorphic rocks. Learn how to gain information on non-observable variables such as pressure and temperature of formation, age of metamorphism and characteristics of the fluid present during metamorphism from observable variables as the chemical-mineralogical and textural data.

- Laboratory Practicals: Know how to recognize metamorphic minerals (main silicates and non-silicates) in the thin section, in hand sample (a representative set), metamorphic microstructures and the main types of metamorphic rocks (both aspects in the thin section and in hand sample). Know how to apply the nomenclature of metamorphic rocks. Understand the basic tools of representation and description of metamorphic mineral assemblages.

- Field Practicals: Know the fundamental tools of the field study of metamorphic rocks. Learn to recognize the main minerals, textures and rocks in their outcrops.

Learning outcomes

  • CM20 (Organise the tests required to determine the origin of the different rocks that make up a territory.) Organise the tests required to determine the origin of the different rocks that make up a territory.
  • KM24 (Identify the physical and chemical principles that condition the crystal structure of minerals.) Identify the physical and chemical principles that condition the crystal structure of minerals.
  • KM25 (Interpret the relationship between the microscopic structure of minerals and the physicochemical properties shown by the rocks they form.) Interpret the relationship between the microscopic structure of minerals and the physicochemical properties shown by the rocks they form.
  • SM22 (Use a petrographic microscope to identify geological materials taking into account the optical properties of the minerals that make up different types of rocks.) Use a petrographic microscope to identify geological materials taking into account the optical properties of the minerals that make up different types of rocks.
  • SM23 (Evaluate the potential for exploitation of a mineral or igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rock for industrial use.) Evaluate the potential for exploitation of a mineral or igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rock for industrial use.

Contents

THEORY:


Unit I. FUNDAMENTALS


1. Metamorphism. Definition. General context. Limits. Causes: steady state, perturbations and transient states of the Lithosphere Geothermal function. Factors: pressure, temperature, fluid, stress-deformation, bulk composition. Types of metamorphic changes: mineralogical change and textural change.


2. Types of metamorphism. Relationship with plate tectonics. Regional metamorphism in divergent plate margins: burial metamorphism, ocean ridge metamorphism. Regional metamorphism in convergent plate margins: orogenic metamorphism. Subduction and collision stages. Local metamorphism: contact metamorphism, high-strain metamorphism and impact metamorphism.


3. Nomenclature of metamorphic rocks. Basic structure. Terms referring to the Protholit. Terms that refer to textures and fabrics. Special terms: mineralogical complements Terms relating to P-T conditions. Conclusions.


Unit II. FACTORS AND VARIABLES


4. Texture and Fabric. Introduction: definitions and nomenclature. Mass transfer. Diffusion. Nucleation, growth and resorption. Deformation. Textures of static recrystallization: granoblastic, nonpyroclastic. Reaction textures. Deformational textures: Foliations and lineation’s. Cataclastic and mylonitic textures. Crystallization-deformation relationships.


5. The mineral assemblage. Definitions. Mineral equilibria: Evidence. The Phase rule. The mineral composition: phase components. Compositional spaces for silicates: relationships with its crystal structure. The bulk composition of metamorphic rocks: System components.Mode. The relationship between mode, mineral composition and bulk composition. Representation: compatibility diagrams. Index minerals and key assemblages. Metamorphic grade. Zones and Isograds. Metamorphic reactions. The metamorphic Facies: historical and current vision of the concepts. Facies Series. Metamorphic field gradient (MFG).



PRACTICALS:



Unit I. MICROSTRUCTURES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS


Practical 1. Granoblastic microstructures. Procedures for textural analysis of metamorphic rocks. Polygonal granoblastic microstructure. Decussate granoblastic microstructure. Nonpyroclastic microstructure with a granoblastic polygonal or decussate (or mixed) matrix.


Practical 2. Reaction microstructures. Compositional zoning in metamorphic minerals. Overgrowths and coronas. Pseudomorphism. Simplectites. Exsolution lamellae.


Practical 3. Deformational microstructures. Oriented Granoblastic. Lepidoblastic. Nematoblastic. Porphyroblastic with oriented matrix.Porphyroclastic mylonitic and cataclastic.



Unit II. COMPOSITIONAL TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS


Practical 4. Metabasites. Low to medium P facies series: greenschists. amphibolites and garnet bearing amphibolites, mafic granulites. High P facies series: Blueschists. Low-T eclogites, eclogites and retroeclogites.


Practical 5. Metapelites. Metapelites of the medium P facies series (Barrow): Slates - Phyilites, Schists, pelitic gneisses. Metapelites of the low P facies series (Buchan): Mottled slates, schists and pelitic hornfelses.


Practical 6. Quartz-feldspatic rocks. Nomenclature: semi-pelites, metapsamites and meta-granitoids. Main mineralogical changes.


Practical 7. Marbles and Calcsilicate rocks. Major mineralogical changes in pure marbles, dolomitic marbles and calcsilicate marbles along medium and low P gradients.

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Study, reading, autoevaluation through CV 86 3.44 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM22, SM23
Practices 20 0.8 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM22, SM23
controls or tutorials (desk C2/162) 0 0 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM22, SM23
Theory 24 0.96 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM22, SM23
Field trip 7 0.28 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM22, SM23

Guided activities:


Theory Classes:

The main method will be classroom-based lectures. It is of the maximum interest that these become participative. The abstracts of the contents of presentations used by the teacher in the theoretical classes, as well as links to knowledge extension, will be provided to students through the Virtual Campus. Teachers consider as highly important that these abstracts of contents serve students to do a self first look and preparation of the corresponding theoretical session so that it allows the realization of more diversified activities when in the classroom, as partial explanations of only the most important or difficult aspects, resolution of main doubts or reinforcement exercises on the subject.


Practical Classes:

They consist of the study of a set of petrographic thin sections and hand samples of metamorphic rocks. The classes are structured in: a) Introductions to each practical subject. Those are provided to students, through the Virtual Campus, in varied formats. This introductions will contain photographic examples or useful links including graphic material for the practical sessions. It is considered as the maximum importance that these summaries of content serve to ensure that students make a pre-preparation in the corresponding practical session so that this allows for the utmost dedication to efective practice during the corresponding session. b) Students will work using standardised sheets of systematic observations on mineral assemblages and textures of thin sections, hand samples or photographic material, and they must do the corresponding annotations and outlines. During the semester teachers will proceed to revise at least one of the practicals in order to check the progress /quality of each student work and to assign a qualification that will be considered in the evaluation. The students will have one or several solved examples in the CV, that they can use as references on the correct way to do descriptions.


Field Practice:

There will be a one-day field trip (or alternative a virtual one, if required due to the sanitary situation or any other case of major impediment if the fied trip can not be modified in its date) where it will be possible to observe outcrops of metamorphic rocks, the main types of lithologies and the main structures and textures related to metamorphic rocks. The practice will be carried out in an area to be determined (Axial zone of the Pyrenees, Costa Brava or coastal or pre-coastal mountain ranges on Montseny-Guilleries). Attendance is compulsory. At the discretion of the teacher, it may restrict (see details in the Evaluation section) the attendance to those students who have not participated enough on the subject (non-justified unattendance to 4 or more practicals or systematic non-assistance in the theoretical classes). The non-assistance to this fieldtrip if due to a major cause (generally medical) should be justified and documented to the teachers. The qualification related to the field trip will be done through a test on the content related to the explanations given during its development and to previous documentation provided. The test will be included in the second partial exam.


Exercises or problems related to the topics of each Theory or practice sessions

Can also be evaluated.


Forums on Theory and/or Practicals

The students will have the possibility to pose questions about theory or práctical concepts.



Supervised activities:

Tutorials:

Students have the possibility of arranging an individual tutorial session with teachers via e-mail or through the communication tools of the virtual campus (a communications Forum will be established with the teachers).


Autonomous activity:

It is advisable for the student to devote a minimum of 80 hours of the semester to the autonomous activities of study, readings, bibliographic or virtual consultations, elaboration of the course work in group, self-assessments. To facilitate these tasks, students should use the Moodle Virtual Campus (CV) as the basis of information and orientation for study.


Virtual Campus (CV)-Moodle classroom:

This is fundamental to provide the students with new connections with the topics of study, many of the provided via the CV are different of those provided in classes of theory and practices, give the possibility to connect with the subject contents during autonomous work time, promote interactivity among the students and between them and the teachers through the use of the e-mail and forums discussion, give students the opportunityto access auto-qualification tools and give access to information on course events.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Test/Fied exam 5 1 0.04 CM20, SM23
Assistance to Practices 5 0 0 KM25, SM22
Average grade of practice/es controls 10 0 0 KM25, SM22
1st Exam Theory (with corrections from rating related exercices, if there are some proposed) 20 3 0.12 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM23
2n Exam Theory (with corrections from rating related exercices, if there are some proposed) 20 3 0.12 CM20, KM24, KM25, SM23
2nd partial Exam Practices (with corrections from rating related exercices, if there are some proposed) 20 3 0.12 KM25, SM22
1st Exam Practices (with corrections from rating related exercices, if there are some proposed) 20 3 0.12 KM25, SM22

The learning outcomes are evaluated with CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT (AC) or with SINGLE-BASED ASSESMENT(SA):


CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT (AC):


1. THEORY:

Qualification of two partial exams of theory. Both partial examns will consist of objective questions of multiple choice type and other kinds of short format/answer questions or interpretation comments on graphics related to the topic.

The weighting of each theoretical partial test is 20% of the continuous evaluation.


2. PRACTICALS:

a) qualification of two partial exams.

In the first test, the student must describe the mineralogical (5 points) l and textural (2 points) aspects of a thin section (a total of 7 points). The first partial exam includes also a written examination about interpretation of figures (photos or schemes) where the student will have to identify the main textures (3 points).

In the second test, the student must describe the mineralogical, textural aspects and name and type of rock of a thin section and a hand sample. In each the student must recognize the mineralogy (3 points), the textures (3 points) and identify the type of rock according to the criteria of bulk composition, textural and mineralogical content (2 points). In addition, With regard to the hand sample, the description must be made using the criteria that will be indicated throughout the course and identify it naming in accordance to the Standard IUGS nomenclature for Metamorphic Rocks (2 points).Only some tables about mineral and textural properties determined by professors will be allowed to consult during the exam. In no case may you consult any notes of any other type, such as books, Internet or collections of photographs.The weighting of each practical partial test is 20% of the continuous evaluation.


b) Qualification of the revised practical/s. The delivery of the practicals may be required to any student in one or more moments throughout the semester. Each student will be asked for the practicals at least 2 times. Each time the student will get a qualification and all these will be promediated at the end of the semester. The dossier's average grade will weigh 10%.


c) Qualification of the assistance to the practices.

Will be assessed through a signature control at the end of the practice sessions.The weighting of attendance mark is 5% of the continuous assessment.Non-attendance to 4 or more practices will not allow the calculation of the AC mark. In this case, it will be obligatory to recover the two practical exams. The final mark in each partial exam will be in this case the average of marksobtained in the partial and in the recovery exam.


3. EXERCISES RELATED TO THEORY and PRACTICES: These exercises/problems, with a guide for their resolution, can be sent by the teacher and delivered by the students via the file delivery (available within the virtual Campus) or in printed format, as indicated. The qualifications obtained will result in corrections to the qualification obtained in each partial exam of theory or practices.


4. FIELD WORK:

Qualification of the test/field exam which will be incorporated to the second partial exam. Weighting is 5% of continuous assessment.


The FINAL GRADDING FOR CONTINUOUS Assessment (AC): This is obtained as a result of the following WEIGHTING formula: [mark in partial exam 1 theory (out of 10) x (0.20)] * * + [mark in partial exam 2 theory (out of 10) x (0.20)] * * + [mark in partial exam 1 practices (out of 10) x (0.20)] * * + [mark in partial exam 2 practices (out of 10) x (0.20)] * * + [mark in the practical corrections (out of 10) x (0.10)] + [assistance to practices (out of 10) x (0.05)] + [field test mark (out of 10) x (0.05)]. The minimum qualification for any of the theory or practices exams must be > 3 in order to be able to apply the above calculation and gave an AC mark. To pass the subject through continuous assessment it is necessary to obtain a minimum mark of 5 points in this calculation.

* * The qualifications obtained inthe theory and practice exams will be modified using those obtained in exercises done previously to each exam, if any. The notes of the partial exams on practices will convert to weigh 20% in case no coursework is finnally allocated. The marks obtained on exercises or on assesment of practicals will be definitive at the time of the calculation of the AC (so the referred marks will be considered not recoverable).


RECOVERY EXAMS:

Students who have not passed the subject trough continuous assessment (AC) or those who have passed for continuous assessment and who wish to have the option to get a higher qualification may present to the recovery exams. The format will be the same as in the previous partial exams. It is indispensable to be able to present to any recovery exam (students already passed by AC or with non-passed AC but having marks in any partial exam > 3) that they inform the teachers previously in the term that it will establish for the effect. Those who does not respect these terms will not be allowed to present to the recovery examinations). Those with marks ≤ 3 or not submitted in any exam of theory or practices, do not need to make this anouncement to teachers, as the presentation is obligatory for them.If the final qualification obtained in some recovery exam of theory or practices is ≤ 3 then the maximum final qualification will be of 4.5 (non passed), regardless of the mark that emerges out of the calculation.If you toke a recovery theory or practical exam to improve your note: If the grade obtained in the recovery is higher than the one obtained in the corresponding partial, the final mark will be taken into account in the final calculation. If the grade obtained in the recovery is lower than the one obtained in the corresponding partial, the arithmetic mean of the two marks will be considered.For the above calculations any non-submitted is equivalent to the mark 0.



SINGLE-BASED ASSESSMENT (SA):


THEORY: Final synthesis test in which all the contents of the subject can enter that will consist of a test part with a minimum of 20 items, a part of short answer questions with a number of items similar to the sum of the items of the 1st + 2nd partials of AC and a field exam similar to that corresponding to AC.

PRACTICES: Final synthesis test (interpretation of photographs of metamorphic rock textures, two thin sections and a hand sample). It will be carried out on the same date as the second partial exam of continuous evaluation. On this date and after finishing the exam students must submit the same exercises, works or dossiers that have been established as mandatory by students enrolled in the continuous assessment. Both attendance at all practices and field trip of the subject is mandatory for students in this modality. In any case, it will be necessary to obtain a qualification greater than or equal to 5 to pass the test.


FINAL GRADE FOR SINGLE ASSESSMENT (SA): obtained as a result of the following weighting: [THEORY grade * 0.4 + PRACTICES grade * 0.4 + practice grade x 0.10 + practice attendance grade x 0.05 + FIELD TEST grade x 0.05

**The marks obtained in the theory and practices exam will be modified with those obtained in the qualification of exercises corresponding to each exam, if any. The marks of the practice exam can be weighted x0.4 if no course work is assigned.


RECOVERY OF THE SINGLE ASSESSMENT (SAR):

THEORY: Final synthesis test in which all the contents of the subject can enter that will consist of a test part with a minimum of 20 items, a part of short answer questions with a number of items similar to the sum of the items of the 1st + 2nd partials of AC and a field exam similar to that corresponding to AC.

PRACTICES: Final synthesis test (interpretation of photographs of metamorphic rock textures, two thin sheets and a hand sample).

The rest of the evaluation evidences (practices controls, exercises, work) will not be recoverable at this time. It will be done on the same day as the AC recovery.

On the act of communication of the results of single assessment, lecturers will inform students (on Moodle) of the procedures to be followed for reviewing all grades awarded, and the date on which such a review will take place.


OTHER CONSIDERATIONS:


  • On carrying out each evaluation activity, lecturers will inform students (on Moodle) of the procedures to be followed for reviewing all grades awarded, and the date on which such a review will take place.
  • Students will obtain a Not assessed/Not submitted course grade unless they have submitted more than 35% of the assessment items.
  • The non-presentation to a partial exam will compute as 0 in the calculation of the AC note. If the continuous assessment is not passed (AC mark not calculated due to ≤ 3 in any partial exam or calculated AC < 5 points, the student will have the obligation to present himself to the corresponding recovery exams (those in which he has obtained a note ≤ 3). If the qualification obtained in some exam of theory or practices recuperation still ≤ 3 then the maximum final grading will be of 4.5 (fail), regardless of the note that emerges from the final calculation.
  • In the event of a student committing any irregularity that may lead to a significant variation in the grade awarded to an assessment activity, the student will be given a zero for this activity, regardless of any disciplinary process that may take place. In the event of several irregularities in assessment activities of the same subject, the student will be given a zero as the final grade for this subject. Those assessment acts where irregularities have been detected (copy, bad use of AI, etc) are not recoverable.
  • This subject allows the use of AI technologies exclusively for support tasks such as: bibliographic or content-based searches, text correction or translations, or at teachers criteria. The student must clearly (i) identify which parts have been generated using AI technology; (ii) specify the tools used; and (iii) include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and final outcome of the activity. Lack of transparency regarding the use of AI in the assessed activity will be considered academic dishonesty; the corresponding grade may be lowered, or the work may even be awarded a zero. In cases of greater infringement, more serious action may be taken.


Bibliography

Theory

Best, M.G., (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W.H. Freeman & Company. San Francisco.

Bucher, K. & Frey, M. (2002). Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. 7th Edition, Springer-Verlag.

*Fettes, D. & Desmonds, J. (eds), (2007).  Metamorphic Rocks: A classification and Glossary of Terms. Recomendations of the international Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks. Cambridge U. Press.

Mason, R., (1990). Petrology of the Metamorphic Rocks. Second ed. Unwin Hyman. Londres.

*Miyashiro, A., (1994). Metamorphic Petrology. UCL Press. Londres.

Spear, F.S., (1993). Metamorphic Phase Equilibria and Pressure - Temperature - time Paths. Mineralogical Society of America monograph.Whashington DC.

Philpotts, A.R., (1990). Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.

Vernon, R.H., (2008), Principles of Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press.  

*Winter, J.D., (2001). An Introduction  to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.

Yardley, B.W.D. (1989). An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology. Longman Earth Science Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Nova York.

 

 

Practices

Barker, A.J., (1990). Introduction to Metamorphic Textures and Microestructures. Blackie & Son. Nova York.

*Nesse, W., (2004). Introduction to Optical Mineralogy. 3rd. Edition. Oxford University Press.

Spry, A., (1969). Metamorphic Textures. PergamonPress. Oxford.

*Vernon,R., (2004). A practical Guide to Rock Microstructure. Cambridge University Press.

*Yardley, B.W.D., Mackenzie, W.S. y Guilford, C.(1990). Atlas of metamorphic rocks and their textures. Longman Scientific & Technical.

* Preferent books to consult

 

web links

LES ROCHES METAMORPHIQUES : TEMOINS DE L'EVOLUTION THERMIQUE DE LA LITHOSPHERE DANS LE TEMPS ET DANS L'ESPACE

Classificació IUGS (SCMR) de les Roques Metamòrfiques

Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology class Materials. Winter, J. Whitman College.

Modelització analògica de Microestructures (University of Albany)

Atlas of Metamorphic Rocks, Minerals and Textures. Glazner and Ratajeski, University of N. Carolina

 

 

The course's Virtual campus provides several additional links to electronic learning resources related to each of the topics in theory and practices

Software

No specific software is required.

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 1 Catalan second semester afternoon
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 1 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(PCAM) Field practices 1 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 2 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(PCAM) Field practices 2 Catalan second semester morning-mixed