
Microbiology
Code: 101025Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Microbiology | OB | 1 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Susana Campoy Sanchez
- Email :
- susana.campoy@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Laura Teixidó Devesa
- Sergi Torres Puig
- Jordi Corral Sabado
- Eloi Parlade Molist
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
Although there are no official prerequisites, students are advised to review concepts that refer to the microbial world, previously studied.
Likewise, it is convenient to have a good knowledge of the subjects studied during the first semester of the Microbiology degree, as well as the rest of the subjects that are studied simultaneously during the second semester.
Objectives
This is a compulsory core course of the Bachelor's Degree in Microbiology that introduces students to the microbial world, providing an overview of microorganisms and their relationships with other living organisms and the different environments in which they live.
Given its introductory nature, this course provides the fundamental concepts and competencies in Microbiology that students will need in order to pursue more advanced courses within the core curriculum of the Bachelor's Degree in Microbiology.
Learning Objectives
- To broadly recognize microbial diversity and distinguish the characteristics that define the different microbial groups.
- To identify the different structures and the composition of the prokaryotic cell.
- To describe the metabolic versatility of the different microbial groups, particularly that of prokaryotes.
- To analyze the genomic variability of microorganisms and the main mechanisms of genetic information exchange in prokaryotes.
- To distinguish the principal relationships between microorganisms, living organisms, and the physical environment they inhabit.
- To recognize the role of microorganisms in the development of human societies, as well as their future applications.
- To calculate basic microbiological parameters.
- To apply basic laboratory techniques for experimental work with microorganisms.
Learning outcomes
- CM09 (Critically review the scientific contributions of women to the study of microorganisms and other sciences related to microbiology.) Critically review the scientific contributions of women to the study of microorganisms and other sciences related to microbiology.
- CM10 (Integrate knowledge and skills from the field of microbiology, working individually and in groups to prepare and present in writing or orally and publicly a scientific work either in English or in one's own language.) Integrate knowledge and skills from the field of microbiology, working individually and in groups to prepare and present in writing or orally and publicly a scientific work either in English or in one's own language.
- KM14 (Indicate the structural characteristics of microorganisms, paying special attention to the differences between acellular entities, prokaryotic organisms and single-cell eukaryotes.) Indicate the structural characteristics of microorganisms, paying special attention to the differences between acellular entities, prokaryotic organisms and single-cell eukaryotes.
- KM15 (Describe the metabolic and functional diversity of the microbial world, distinguishing the characteristics that define the different taxonomic groups.) Describe the metabolic and functional diversity of the microbial world, distinguishing the characteristics that define the different taxonomic groups.
- KM16 (Identify the main relationships established by microorganisms with each other, with other living beings, with their environment and in general with the ecosystem, and the methods for studying these interactions.) Identify the main relationships established by microorganisms with each other, with other living beings, with their environment and in general with the ecosystem, and the methods for studying these interactions.
- SM12 (Apply basic microbiological techniques in the laboratory, including the manipulation of materials and samples under aseptic conditions.) Apply basic microbiological techniques in the laboratory, including the manipulation of materials and samples under aseptic conditions.
- SM13 (Relate the basic genetic components, structures and processes of replicative microorganisms and entities with their functions and the different ecophysiological mechanisms of adaptation to their environment.) Relate the basic genetic components, structures and processes of replicative microorganisms and entities with their functions and the different ecophysiological mechanisms of adaptation to their environment.
- SM14 (Discover the role of microorganisms as causative agents of diseases in humans, animals and plants and the processes used to control them.) Discover the role of microorganisms as causative agents of diseases in humans, animals and plants and the processes used to control them.
Contents
THEORETICAL CONTENT
Topic 1. The World of Microorganisms
History, human societies, and microorganisms. Discovering microorganisms. Levels of organization. Main differences between viruses and cellular microorganisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organization. Groups and nomenclature of microorganisms.
Topic 2. Morphology, Structure, and Chemical Composition of Viruses
Concept of viruses. Morphology of viral particles: icosahedral, helical, and complex symmetries. Structure of the viral envelope. The viral genome.
Topic 3. Virus–Host Cell Relationships
Viral cycle. Attachment, adsorption, and infection. Genome replication. Virion assembly and release. Possible effects of viral multiplication on the host.
Topic 4. Diversity of Viruses
Virus classification criteria (ICTV). Nomenclature. Baltimore classification. Viruses of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Other subcellular infectious agents.
Topic 5. The Prokaryotic Cell
Size and morphology. Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. Nuclear region. Organelles, microcompartments, and inclusions.
Topic 6. Cell Envelopes
Prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane. Bacterial cell wall. S-layers. Capsules and slime layers. Archaea cell wall.
Topic 7. Appendages and Motility
Forms of differentiation. Prokaryotic fimbriae and flagella. Bacterial motility. Chemotaxis. Endospores, filaments, and mycelia. Spores and cysts. Fruiting bodies.
Topic 8. The Prokaryotic Genome
Genome size, topology, and chromosome number. Genome reduction. Mobile genetic elements: plasmids, transposons, prophages, integrative and conjugative elements, and genomic islands. Integrons.
Topic 9. Genetic Variability in Prokaryotes
Mutagenesis and vertical gene transfer. Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer.
Topic 10. The Species Concept in Prokaryotes, Pangenome, and Metagenome
The pangenome. Concepts of metagenomics, microbiota, and microbiome.
Topic 11. The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
Binary fission. Cell division and regulation. Diversity of prokaryotic cell cycles.
Topic 12. Microbial Growth
Population growth. The concept of continuous culture. Influence of environmental factors on microbial growth.
Topic 13. Control of Microbial Growth by Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Agents
Death kinetics. Mechanical procedures. Physical agents. Antimicrobial agents. Differences between antiseptics, disinfectants, and chemotherapeutic agents. Examples. Antimicrobial resistance.
Topic 14. Overall Metabolic Framework
Sources of energy, carbon, and reducing power. Biosynthetic strategies. Chemotrophy and phototrophy. Autotrophy and heterotrophy. Types of microorganisms according to nutrition. Energy-generating processes. Degradation of organic compounds.
Topic 15. Phototrophy
Anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. Pigments and organization of the phototrophic apparatus. Cyclic photophosphorylation. External electron donors. Reverse electron flow.
Topic 16. Chemolithotrophy and Chemoorganotrophy
Inorganic energy donors. Reverse electron flow. Examples of chemolithotrophic groups. Organic substrates as energy sources.
Topic 17. Respiration
Respiratory chains. Aerobic respiration. Respiration of inorganic and organic compounds by facultative anaerobes. Respiration in obligate anaerobes.
Topic 18. Fermentation
General characteristics of fermentative processes. Classification of fermentations. Examples.
Topic 19. Anabolism
Biological fixation of CO₂ and nitrogen. Energetic implications and physiological adaptations.
Topic 20. Diversity of Prokaryotes
Origin of life and biological diversification. Microbial systematics: taxonomy and phylogeny. Taxonomic ranks. Phylogenetic trees. Bibliographic references in prokaryotic systematics.
Topic 21. Archaea
Distinctive characteristics and adaptations. Current distribution of archaea into four kingdoms: Nanobdellati, Methanobacteriati, Promethearchaeati, and Thermoproteati.
Topic 22. Bacteria
Distinctive characteristics at the phylum level and representative examples. Current distribution of bacteria into four kingdoms: Fusobacteriati, Thermotogati, Pseudomonadati, and Bacillati.
Topic 23. Microorganisms in Their Environment and Biogeochemical Cycles
The concept of the microenvironment. Aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. Trophic relationships among microorganisms. The role of microorganisms as agents of geochemical change. Examples of biogeochemical cycles, with special emphasis on the nitrogen cycle.
METHODOLOGY, PROBLEM-SOLVING, AND CURRENT TOPICS CONTENT
Session 1. Microscopy techniques.
Session 2. Inoculation and isolation techniques.
Session 3. Microscopic observations.
Session 4. Problems in basic Microbiology, microbial growth, and microbial control.
Sessions 5 and 6. Problem-solving sessions in the classroom.
Sessions 7 and 8. Current topics in Microbiology.
LABORATORY PRACTICAL CONTENT
Practice 1. Preparation of culture media, reagents, and materials for Microbiology.
Practice 2. Aseptic technique and inoculation methods.
Practice 3. Methods for determining microbial concentration.
Practice 4. Isolation of microorganisms.
Practice 5. Microscopy techniques.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| tutorials | 4 | 0.16 | CM09, CM10, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Individual reading | 17 | 0.68 | CM09, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Problems resolution | 10 | 0.4 | CM09, CM10, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Lectures | 30 | 1.2 | CM09, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Seminars and problems classes | 8 | 0.32 | CM09, CM10, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13 |
| Elaboración de una presentación sobre temas actuales en Microbiología | 10 | 0.4 | CM10 |
| Individual study | 50 | 2 | CM09, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Laboratory practices | 15 | 0.6 | SM12 |
Learning Activities and Teaching Methodology
The Microbiology course consists of three modules that have been designed in an integrated manner. Throughout the course, students will be required to relate the content and activities of these modules in order to achieve the course learning outcomes.
The three modules are as follows:
THEORY MODULE
Students are expected to acquire the scientific and technical knowledge specific to this course by attending lectures and complementing them with independent study of the topics covered.
At the beginning of the course, students will receive a schedule of the topics to be covered throughout the semester, together with the bibliography required for preparing each lecture and for the independent study of the theoretical content.
Some topics may be prepared independently by students and subsequently discussed during lecture sessions through question-and-answer activities.
PROBLEM-SOLVING AND CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY MODULE
This module consists of sessions conducted with small groups of students in which:
a) Methodological and current issues in Microbiology will be addressed.
b) Understanding of the concepts presented in lectures will be reinforced.
c) Students will develop their ability to design basic microbiology experiments.
d) The module serves as a bridge between participatory lectures and laboratory practical work, with the aim of integrating theoretical and practical knowledge.
At the beginning of the course, students will receive a schedule detailing the content of each session and the bibliography that should be consulted. They will also receive a workbook containing a set of problems to be developed throughout the course.
The sessions will take place in the classroom and will focus on methodological aspects, the resolution of basic microbiological problems, and current topics in Microbiology.
LABORATORY PRACTICAL MODULE
At the beginning of the course, students will receive a laboratory manual containing the practical work to be carried out throughout the semester. The objectives of these activities are:
a) To facilitate understanding of the concepts explained in lectures.
b) To practice the experimental designs developed in the problem-solving sessions.
c) To acquire practical laboratory skills.
d) To interpret experimental results.
e) To integrate theoretical and practical knowledge.
Attendance at laboratory practical sessions is mandatory in order to acquire the competencies associated with this module.
To attend the laboratory sessions, students must demonstrate that they have passed the biosafety and laboratory safety tests available on the Moodle platform and that they are familiar with and accept the operating regulations of the Faculty of Biosciences laboratories.
To achieve satisfactory performance and acquire the competencies associated with this activity, students are required to read and understand the laboratory protocols before attending each practical session.
As part of the supervised activities of the course, group and individual tutorials may be organized to support the learning activities described above.
Independent learning activities for this course include study, reading scientific texts, problem-solving, and preparation of materials for seminar sessions on current topics in Microbiology.
Additional information: To facilitate successful completion of the course, students will have access through the Moodle platform to all documentation referred to in the sections above.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory Assessment II | 36% | 2 | 0.08 | CM09, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Theory assessment I | 24% | 2 | 0.08 | CM09, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Evaluation of the methodology sessions, problems and current topics | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | CM09, CM10, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM13, SM14 |
| Assessment of laboratory practices | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | CM09, KM14, KM15, KM16, SM12, SM13, SM14 |
Assessment
The assessment of the course will be individual and may be based on either continuous assessment or a single-assessment system, through the following evaluation activities.
Continuous Assessment Activities
1. THEORY MODULE (60% of the final grade)
Two written examinations will be scheduled throughout the course for the assessment of this module. The first examination will account for 24% of the final grade and the second for 36%. These examinations are cumulative; that is, the second examination will include ALL theoretical contents of the course.
To pass this module, the weighted average of the two examinations must be at least 5 out of 10.
If a student obtains a higher grade in the second examination than in the first, the final grade for this module will be the grade obtained in the second examination.
Each examination will include one or two short-answer questions (worth up to 2 points out of 10) and a maximum of 60 multiple-choice and/or true/false questions (worth up to 9 points out of 10).
Students who do not pass this module may take a resit examination at the end of the semester. In this case, the maximum possible grade will be 8 out of 10.
2. PROBLEM-SOLVING AND CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY MODULE (20% of the final grade)
Assessment of this module will consist of:
a) In-class resolution of proposed problems, worth 1.5 points out of 10.
b) Presentation of current topics in Microbiology, worth 1.5 points out of 10.
c) A written examination consisting of a maximum of 20 multiple-choice questions on methodological aspects and the resolution of up to six problems, worth 7 points out of 10. This examination will take place on the same date as the first written examination of the Theory Module.
To pass this module, students must obtain a minimum grade of 5 out of 10 in the written examination. If the module is not passed, the written examination may be retaken during the resit period at the end of the semester. In this case, the maximum possible grade will be 8 out of 10.
3. LABORATORY PRACTICALS MODULE (20% of the final grade)
Assessment of this module will consist of two components:
a) Practical skills assessment, based on the submission of various practical results to the teaching staff during each laboratory session.
b) A written examination consisting of a maximum of 20 multiple-choice questions on the laboratory work carried out.
These components will account for 4 and 6 points out of 10, respectively. To pass this module, students must obtain a minimum grade of 5 out of 10 in the written examination.
If the written examination is not passed, it may be retaken during the resit period at the end of the semester. In that case, the maximum achievable grade in the written examination will be 5 out of 10, to which the practical skills grade will be added in order to determine the final module grade.
General Considerations
To pass the course, students must obtain a final grade of 5 or higher in each module.
If, after the resit assessments, a student obtains a final grade of between 4 and 4.9 in any module, this grade may be averaged with the grades of the other modules. If the resulting overall average is equal or higher than 5, the course will be considered passed. In this case, the final grade awarded for the course will be 5 out of 10.
Students who have already passed the course and wish to improve their grade may take an improvement assessment, allowing them to retake the written examinations of each module. To do so, students must submit a written request to the course coordinator at least 72 hours before the scheduled resit date, specifying which examinations they wish to retake and therefore for which previous grades they waive their entitlement.
To be eligible for resit assessments, students must previously have been assessed in activities accounting for at least two-thirds of the total course or module grade. Therefore, students will receive the grade “Not Assessable” (NA) when the assessment activities completed account for less than 66.7 % of the final grade.
Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity (academic fraud, plagiarism, or misuse of Artificial Intelligence, unless explicitly authorized in the course guide) that could lead to a significant change in the grade will result in a mark of 0 for that assessment activity. If the course guide establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in that activity is a mandatory requirement for passing the course, or if multiple irregularities occur within the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0. In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against the student.
From the second enrollment onwards, students are exempt from completing Modules 2 and 3 if they successfully achieved the corresponding competencies during the previous academic year.
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies
In this course, the use of AI is permitted exclusively for support tasks such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction, translations, or other purposes determined by the teaching staff.
Students must clearly identify which parts of their work were generated using AI technologies, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these tools influenced both the process and the final outcome of the activity.
Lack of transparency regarding the use of AI in an assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or complete penalty in the activity grade, or more severe sanctions in serious cases.
Single Assessment
The single-assessment system consists of one comprehensive examination covering all the contents of the course. It comprises three parts:
THEORY MODULE ASSESSMENT
This consists of a comprehensive examination covering all the content of the Theory Module. The examination will include short-answer questions designed to assess whether the key conceptual learning outcomes of the course have been achieved, as well as multiple-choice and/or true/false questions covering a large proportion of the course content.
The grade obtained in this part will account for 60% of the final course grade.
PROBLEM-SOLVING AND CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY MODULE ASSESSMENT
This consists of a written examination focused on methodological aspects and problem-solving skills.
The grade obtained in this part will account for 20% of the final course grade.
LABORATORY PRACTICALS MODULE ASSESSMENT
This assessment is based on a written examination covering the activities carried out during the practical sessions (12% of the final grade) and on the student’s practical skills (8%), evaluated through the submission of practical results during each laboratory session.
Attendance at all practical sessions is therefore mandatory.
All written examinations will take place on the same day and at the same time as the second written examination scheduled for continuous assessment.
To pass the course, students must pass each part of the assessment separately with a grade of at least 5 out of 10.
Students who do not pass the course may take a resit assessment with the same characteristics as described above. To pass the course through the resit process, students must obtain a grade of at least 5 out of 10 in each part that was not passed on the first attempt.
Bibliography
Recommended Readings
- Madigan, Michael T. (2015). Brock: Biology of Microorganisms (14th ed.). Pearson Education. Available online.
- Madigan, Michael T. et al. (2022). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (16th Global Edition). Pearson Education Limited. Available in print at the library.
- Madigan, Michael T. et al. (2022). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (16th Global Edition). Pearson Education Limited. Available online.
- Madigan, Michael T. et al. (2015). Brock: Biology of Microorganisms (14th ed.). Pearson Education. Available in print at the library.
- Quesada, Emilia et al. (2019). Essential Microbiology. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Available online.
- Willey, Joanne M. & Sandman, Kathleen M. (2021). Prescott's Principles of Microbiology (2nd International Student Edition). McGraw-Hill Education. Available online.
- Willey, Joanne M.; Wood, Dorothy H.; & Sandman, Kathleen M. (2023). Prescott's Microbiology (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Available in print at the library.
Blogs
- MicroBio: http://microbioun.blogspot.com/
- Microbichitos: http://blogs.elpais.com/microbichitos/
- Curiosidades de la Microbiología: http://curiosidadesdelamicrobiologia.blogspot.com/
- Xarrup de Ciència: https://www.xarrupdeciencia.com/
Software
Specific programmes are not needed
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 71 | Catalan | second semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 711 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 711 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 711 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 712 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 712 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 712 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 713 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 713 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 714 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 714 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |