
Evaluation of Species and Ecosystems
Code: 100842Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Biology | OB | 3 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Àngela Ribas Artola
- Email :
- angela.ribas@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Mariona Ferrandiz Rovira
Teaching staff (external to UAB)
- Silvia Poblador Ibañez
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
There are no official pre-requisites.
Objectives
Species and Ecosystem Assessment introduces students to the biological aspects of the assessment, evaluation, and environmental management of species, habitats, and ecosystems. The course addresses the effects of human activities on biological and ecological systems, particularly in highly anthropized ecosystems, and explores the tools available for their analysis, conservation, and restoration.
The objectives of the course are:
i) to provide students with the main concepts and methods used to analyse and assess the effects of human activities on species, habitats, and ecosystems, including environmental assessment procedures;
ii) to introduce the main concepts and methods applied in ecological conservation, management, and restoration;
iii) to develop students’ ability to integrate scientific and technical knowledge in the analysis of environmental issues related to biodiversity and ecosystems.
The course considers environmental assessment as one of the tools available for the diagnosis and management of ecological systems, alongside other approaches aimed at ecosystem conservation and restoration.
Specific learning objectives
- To understand the main concepts and tools related to the assessment, evaluation, and environmental management of species, habitats, and ecosystems.
- To become familiar with the methods available for characterising the ecological status of natural and anthropized systems, as well as for assessing the effects of human activities on biodiversity.
- To develop the ability to critically analyse reports, studies, and other technical documents related to environmental assessment and management.
- To understand the main measures used to prevent, mitigate, and correct impacts on ecological systems.
- To acquire knowledge of the theoretical principles and practical aspects of ecological conservation and restoration.
- To understand the basic criteria for the design, implementation, and monitoring of restoration actions in degraded ecosystems.
Learning outcomes
- Apply ICT resources pertaining to this field of study.
- Solve problems.
- Make decisions.
- Focus on quality.
- Correctly process information on biological aspects to support environmental impact studies and environmental assessments.
- Describe and assess the biotic components affected by a project.
- Identify effects of human interventions on species and their habitats.
- Establish the conceptual content and the methodological requirements for solving a specific environmental problem.
- Participate in the monitoring of environmental surveillance programmes.
- Introduce changes in the methods and processes of the field of knowledge to provide innovative responses to the needs and demands of society.
- Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
- Actuar en l'àmbit de coneixement propi avaluant les desigualtats per raó de sexe/gènere.
Contents
Introduction to Species and Ecosystem Assessment
Justification and structure of the course. Concept and importance of the ecological assessment of species, habitats, and ecosystems. Natural and anthropized ecosystems. Biodiversity, ecological functioning, and ecosystem services. Tools for the management, conservation, and restoration of biological systems.
Block A. Environmental Assessment and Management of Species and Ecosystems
1. Environmental Assessment as a Management Tool
Basic concepts of environmental assessment. Strategic environmental assessment of plans and programmes. Environmental impact assessment of projects. Main stages of the assessment process. Environmental impact studies. Environmental impact statements. Environmental assessment as a tool for the conservation and management of ecological systems.
2. Identification, Analysis, and Assessment of Impacts on Species and Ecosystems
Identification and characterization of impacts on biodiversity, habitats, and ecosystems. Impact identification methods: checklists, cause–effect matrices, and network diagrams. Quantitative assessment methods: habitat suitability models, population viability analyses, and other ecological indicators. Impact assessment and analysis of their effects on ecosystem structure and functioning.
3. Measures for the Prevention, Mitigation, and Compensation of Impacts
Preventive, corrective, and compensatory measures. Criteria for selecting measures: technical feasibility, cost, and effectiveness. Monitoring and evaluation of outcomes. Environmental surveillance and ecological monitoring programmes.
Block B. Study Design for Ecological Assessment and Monitoring
Principles of experimental design applied to the detection and assessment of impacts. Controls, replication, and randomization. Ecological monitoring designs: Control–Impact (CI), Before–After (BA), BACI, and related approaches. Interpretation of results. Association and causality in applied ecology.
Block C. Ecological Conservation and Restoration
5. Fundamentals of Ecological Restoration
Introduction to ecological restoration. Definitions and basic concepts. Restoration ecology and ecological restoration. Ecological degradation and ecosystem trajectories. Current objectives and applications of restoration. Case studies.
6. Ecological Foundations for Ecosystem Restoration
Ecological processes relevant to restoration. Ecosystem structure, composition, and functioning. Biodiversity and resilience. Ecosystem services and their recovery. Definition of restoration goals and success criteria.
7. Restoration of River Ecosystems and Wetlands
Rivers and wetlands as ecological systems. Components, dynamics, and functioning. Main drivers of degradation. River restoration: fluvial space, connectivity, and recovery of ecological processes. Wetland restoration and creation. Constructed wetlands. Case studies.
8. Ecological Restoration in Other Systems
Principles and strategies for restoration in forest, agricultural, mining, urban, and other human-modified ecosystems. Recovery of biodiversity and ecological functioning. Analysis of practical experiences and case studies.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Field work and computer sessions | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 |
| Study | 40 | 1.6 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
| Field trips | 12 | 0.48 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
| Analytical work and study cases | 50 | 2 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
| Classroom practical sessions | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 |
| Computer lab | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 |
| Classroom lectures and discussions | 33 | 1.32 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 |
The teaching methodology is designed to foster active and student-centred learning through the critical analysis and practical application of concepts related to the assessment, management, conservation, and restoration of species and ecosystems. Students are expected to take an active role in the learning process by engaging with scientific and technical information, participating in discussions, and applying acquired knowledge to real-world environmental challenges. The teaching staff will act as facilitators, guiding reflection, discussion, and problem-solving, while providing the theoretical and methodological foundations required to achieve the learning objectives.
The course combines lectures, practical exercises, case-study discussions, computer-based activities, and field visits.
(1) Lectures and discussion sessions
Lectures will introduce the fundamental concepts, methods, and approaches covered in the course. Particular emphasis will be placed on the ecological assessment of species, habitats, and ecosystems, the evaluation of human impacts on ecological systems, and the principles underlying environmental management and ecological restoration. Real-world examples and case studies will be used throughout the course to illustrate the practical application of theoretical concepts. Supporting materials, including presentations and complementary resources, will be made available through the Virtual Campus.
(2) Individual and group assignments
Students will complete individual and group assignments aimed at applying the concepts and methodologies presented during lectures. These activities may involve the assessment of environmental impacts, the evaluation of ecological conditions, the comparison of management alternatives, and the design of conservation or restoration strategies. The assignments will encourage critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and the integration of ecological knowledge into environmental decision-making.
(3) Classroom practical sessions and case studies
Practical sessions will be devoted to the analysis and resolution of case studies related to species and ecosystem assessment, environmental management, impact evaluation, and ecological restoration. Working individually or in small groups, students will apply theoretical concepts and methodological tools to realistic environmental scenarios. These sessions will promote problem-solving, data interpretation, critical discussion, and decision-making skills. The teaching staff will supervise the activities, provide feedback, and facilitate the collective evaluation of proposed solutions.
(4) Computer-based practical sessions
Computer laboratory sessions will focus on the use of quantitative methods and analytical tools commonly employed in species and ecosystem assessment. Activities may include habitat suitability modelling, population viability analysis, impact assessment, ecological data analysis, and the evaluation of restoration and management alternatives.
(5) Field trips
Field visits will provide students with direct exposure to ecosystems affected by human activities, as well as to environmental management, impact mitigation, conservation, and ecological restoration initiatives. These activities will allow students to observe ecological processes and management interventions in situ, assess environmental conditions, and discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the conservation and restoration of ecosystems.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4. Case study resolutions and other assignments | 12,5 | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
| 3. Ecological Assessment and Management Proposal | 22,5 | 3 | 0.12 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12 |
| 1. First mid-term exam | 32,5 | 2 | 0.08 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
| 2. Second mid-term exam | 32,5 | 2 | 0.08 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 |
The assessment of the course will be based on the following activities:
Written examinations (65% of the final grade)
This component will consist of two written mid-term examinations, each corresponding to one of the two main thematic blocks of the course. Content covered during practical sessions, including classroom practicals, computer-based sessions, and field trips, may also be included in these examinations.
Critical Analysis and Ecological Management Proposal (22.5% of the final grade)
Assignment aimed at applying the concepts, methodologies, and tools developed throughout the course to a case study.
Learning Activities and Case Study Analysis (12.5% of the final grade)
This component will assess the different problem-solving activities, discussions, and case-study analyses carried out during the course.
Requirements for Passing the Course
To be eligible for the calculation of the final grade, students must obtain a minimum average mark of 3.5 out of 10 across the two written examinations.
If the average mark is 3.5 or higher, it will be combined with the grades obtained in the remaining assessment activities. To pass the course, students must obtain a final grade of at least 5 out of 10.
If the average mark of the two examinations is below 3.5, the final grade cannot be calculated through weighted averaging, and the student must take the resit examination.
Resit Examination
The resit examination will account for 65% of the final grade and will replace the grade obtained in the written examinations.
To be eligible for the calculation of the final course grade, students must obtain a minimum mark of 3.5 out of 10 in the resit examination. Otherwise, the course will be failed.
To be eligible for the resit examination, students must previously have been assessed in activities accounting for at least 67% of the total course grade.
Students will receive a grade of "Not Assessable" (NA) when the assessment activities completed represent less than 67% of the final grade.
No minimum grade is required in the remaining assessment activities for their marks to be averaged with the examination grade.
Attendance
Attendance at practical sessions and field trips is compulsory.
Students will receive a grade of "Not Assessable" (NA) if their unjustified absence exceeds 20% of the compulsory face-to-face activities.
Submission of Assessment Activities
Failure to submit an assessment activity within the established deadline will result in a grade of 0 for that activity.
Justified Absences
Students who are unable to attend an individual assessment activity or a compulsory practical session for a duly justified reason (illness, accident, death of a first-degree relative, or equivalent circumstances) and provide the appropriate supporting documentation will be entitled to complete the activity or examination on an alternative date agreed upon with the teaching staff.
Single Assessment
The single-assessment option will consist of a comprehensive examination covering all course contents. The grade obtained in this examination will account for 65% of the final grade.
The single-assessment examination will take place on the same date scheduled in the academic calendar for the final examination of the continuous assessment system. Students opting for this assessment modality will be entitled to the same resit system as students following continuous assessment.
On the same day as the comprehensive examination, students must also submit the evidence corresponding to the remaining assessment activities:
- Critical Analysis and Ecological Management Proposal (22.5%).
- Learning Activities and Case Study Analysis (12.5%).
Students wishing to opt for the single-assessment modality are strongly advised to contact the course coordinator at the beginning of the semester in order to receive detailed information regarding its requirements and specific characteristics.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools is permitted in this course as a support resource for learning and academic work, for example for information and literature searches, language revision, translation tasks, or other uses explicitly authorized by the teaching staff.
Students must clearly and transparently acknowledge any use of AI tools, specifying the applications used and briefly describing how they contributed to the preparation of the submitted work. The use of AI does not exempt students from responsibility for the authorship, quality, accuracy, or reliability of the submitted content.
Failure to disclose the use of AI tools, or the use of AI in ways that contravene the instructions established by the teaching staff, will be considered a breach of academic integrity.
Academic Integrity
Any irregularity in an assessment activity—including academic fraud, plagiarism, or the improper use of Artificial Intelligence tools—that may lead to a significant alteration of the assessment outcome will result in a grade of 0 for that activity.
When an assessment activity is an essential requirement for passing the course, or when multiple irregularities are detected in different assessment activities, the final course grade will be 0.
Without prejudice to the above, the University may initiate the corresponding disciplinary procedures in accordance with current regulations.
Bibliography
SUGGESTED LITERATURE
Expermental design and criteria to detect effects in the environment
Downes BJ et al (2002) Monitoring ecological impacts: Concepts and practice in flowing waters. Cambridge university Press. Available as e-book and in the library of Facultat de Ciencies i Biociències.
Osenberg CW, et al, 2006. In: Falk D, et al., (eds). Foundations of restoration ecology. Island Press, Washington. Available in the library of Facultat de Ciencies i Biociències.
Environmental asessment
Glasson J, Therivel R, Chadwick A, 2005. Introduction to environmental impact assessment. Routledge, London. Disponible a la biblioteca de la Facultat de Ciencies i Biociencies.
Glasson, J., Therivel, R. & Chadwick, A. (2024). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment.
Sánchez, L.E. (2018). Environmental Impact Assessment: Concepts and Practice.
CIEEM, 2016. Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the UK and Ireland: Terrestrial, Freshwater and Coastal, 2nd edition. Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, Winchester. Disponibles a Internet
Gontier M, Balfors B, Mortberg U, 2006. Biodiversity in Environmental Assessment-Current Practice and Tools for Prediction. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 26 (3): 268-286. Disponible ainternet.
Value assignment
Lawrence DP, 2007. Impact significance determination — back to basics. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27: 755–69. Disponible a internet.
Lackey RT, 2004. Normative science. Fisheries Forum 29:37-39. Disponible a internet.
Ecological restoration and restoration ecology
Parker M, Zedle J, Falk D, 2016. Foundations of restoration ecology. 2nd edition. Island Press, Washington. Available on net
Falk D, et al., 2006. Foundations of restoration ecology. Island Press, Washington. Available in the library de la Facultat de Ciències i Biociències and internet.
Howell EA, Harrington JA, Glass SB, 2012. Introduction to restoration ecology. Island Press. Available in the library de la Facultat de Ciències i Biociències
SER (2019). International Principles and Standards for Ecological Restoration.
Clewell, A.F. & Aronson, J. (2013). Ecological Restoration.
Others books and documents
on Environmental assessment
Conesa Fernández-Vitora V, 2010. Guía metodológica para la evaluación del impacto ambiental. Mundi-Prensa. 4a edició. Madrid.
DMAH, 2010. Balanç i perspectives de l’avaluació ambiental a Catalunya. Manuals d’avaluació ambiental, 4. Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge, Generalitat de Catalunya. Disponible al web sobre avaluació ambiental del Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat.
Garmendia A, i cols., 2005. Evaluación de impacto ambiental. Ed Pearson Educación, Madrid, 396p.
Guía para la elaboración de Estudios Ambientales de proyectos con incidencia en el medio natural. [Són 8 guies, numerades 0 a 7]. Dirección General de Medio Natural de la
Gómez Orea D., 2003. Evaluación de impacto ambiental, un instrumento preventivo para la gestión ambiental. 2a edició ampliada. Editorial Mundi-Prensa. Madrid, Barcelona, México, 749p.
Kiker GA, i cols., 2005. Application of multicriteria decision analysis in environmental decision making. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 1: 95-108.
Morgan RK, 2012. Environmental impact assessment: the state of the art. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 30: 5-14.
Saaty TL, 2000. Fundamentals of the analytic hierarchy process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Suggested Webs on environmental assessment
1. Asociación Española de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental - www.eia.es
2. Banc de dades d'avaluació ambiental - mediambient.gencat.cat/ca/05_ambits_dactuacio/avaluacio_ambiental/participacio_publica/banc_de_dades_davaluacio_ambiental/
3. Consejería de Industria y Medio Ambiente de la Región de Murcia - www.ambiental-sl.es/descargas
4. Departament de Medi Ambient i Sostenibilitat (Generalitat de Catalunya) https://mediambient.gencat.cat/ca/05_ambits_dactuacio/avaluacio_ambiental/5. European commission - http://ec.europa.eu/governance/impact/index_en.htm
6. International Association for Impact Assessment - www.iaia.org
7. Ministerio para la transición ecológica y el reto demográfico Medio ambiente- https://www.miteco.gob.es/es.html
8. Agencia catalana de l'aigua https://aca.gencat.cat/ca/inici/
Scientific journals
Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal - www.tandfonline.com/toc/tiap20/current
Agència Catalana de l'Aigua (2008a) La gestió i recuperació de la vegetació de ribera. Guia tècnica per a actuacions en riberes. http://acaweb.gencat.cat/aca/documents/ca/actuacions/vegetacio_ribera_complerta.pdf
Mola, I. (Ed.) 2024. Restauración Ecológica: ejemplos de bases técnicas y soluciones prácticas. Fundación Biodiversidad del Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y Reto Demográfico. Madrid. 635 pp. ISBN: 978-84-931561-1-4
About Ecological Restoration
Webs on Restoration
1. Society for Ecological Restoration - www.ser.org
2. MedWet: The Mediterranean Wetlands Initiative - www.medwet.org
3. CIREF: Centro Ibérico de Restauración Fluvial - www.cirefluvial.com
4. European Centre for River Restoration - www.ecrr.org
Scientific journals on restoration
Restoration Ecology - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1526100x
Ecological Management and Restoration https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14428903
other scientific journals
Conservation biology - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15231739
Forest Ecology and Management - https://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management
Journal of Applied Ecology -https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/13652664
Trends in Ecology and Evolution - https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/home
Wetlands - https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/journal/13157
Software
Excel, RStudio
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 23 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 231 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 231 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 231 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PCAMs) Suport a les pràctiques de camp dirigides | 231 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 232 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 232 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 232 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PCAMs) Suport a les pràctiques de camp dirigides | 232 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 233 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 233 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PCAMs) Suport a les pràctiques de camp dirigides | 233 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |