
Marine Biology
Code: 100830Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Biology | OB | 3 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Anna Soler Membrives
- Email :
- anna.soler@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Francesc Xavier Munill Bernardich
- Ester Carreras Colom
- Sara Dallares Villar
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
There are no specific prerequisites, although it would be desirable for the students to have already studied and passed subjects in Zoology, Ecology, Propection of the Natural Environment, Extension of Zoology and Botany.
Objectives
The objective of this course is to provide a basic training in the knowledge of the marine environment from the point of view of basic concepts and physical laws that are used in the study of the oceans, as well as living beings and their interrelationships. Introduce the student in the knowledge of the structure of the marine ecosystem and its biodiversity, and in the study of the most remarkable cases of the interaction of the activity of the man on the marine environment. So that they are able to intuit its consequences.
The specific formative objectives of this subject are:
- Give the student some fundamentals of the main physical and chemical processes that take place in marine aquatic ecosystems.
- Introduce the student to the physical bases or principles that are used to describe the dynamics of aquatic systems.
- Provide basic training in the knowledge of the marine environment from the point of view of living beings and their interrelationships.
- To initiate the student in the structure of the marine ecosystem and in its biodiversity.
- Introduce the student in the processing of energy in the marine environment, both at the individual and ecosystem level.
- To offer to the student the most remarkable cases of the interaction of the activity of the man on the marine environment and that are able to intuit its consequences.
- Develop critical and innovative sense, as well as interest in continuing professional development.
Learning outcomes
- Manage information
- Recognise in the field the principal plants, animals and organisms that are characteristic to the communities in our environment.
- Perform inventories of organisms, sample populations and identify communities.
- Identify impacts on the flora, fauna, soils, vegetation and the functioning of the ecosystems.
- Propose measures to correct impacts on the flora, fauna, soils, vegetation and the functioning of the ecosystems.
- Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
- Act with ethical responsibility and respect for fundamental rights and duties, diversity and democratic values.
- Actuar en l'àmbit de coneixement propi avaluant les desigualtats per raó de sexe/gènere.
Contents
SYLLABUS
BLOCK 1. INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction.
What is Marine Biology? Historical perspective of marine biology. Differences between terrestrial and marine environments for life. Classification of marine environments and organisms.
BLOCK 2. THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
2. Orography and sediments.
Orography. Structure of ocean basin margins and ocean floors (zonation and profiles). Sediments. Types of sediments. Sedimentation on the continental shelf and in deep marine basins.
3. Water chemistry.
Composition of seawater. Major and minor chemical elements. Nutrients. Dissolved gases (O₂, CO₂). Particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM).
4. Physical oceanography.
Salinity, temperature (thermoclines), density, viscosity, and light. Vertical structure of the ocean: water masses, T/S diagrams. Water mass dynamics. The atmosphere and the ocean. The Coriolis force. Geostrophic currents. Wind-driven currents: Ekman spiral, convergences and divergences. Thermohaline circulation. Global circulation: surface currents, deep currents, circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine waves: capillary waves, gravity waves, wave interference, internal waves, seismic waves. Tides. Coastal upwelling.
BLOCK 3. COMMUNITIES
5. Pelagic domain I. Plankton.
General aspects. Classification of plankton. Phytoplankton: composition and distribution. Primary production. Factors controlling and limiting primary production. Variations in global productivity: latitudinal, seasonal, regional, and bathymetric variations. Methods for measuring primary production and plankton.
6. Pelagic domain II. Zooplankton.
General aspects. Composition of zooplankton. Adaptations of plankton to pelagic life. Zooplankton distribution: vertical migrations.
7. Pelagic domain III. Nekton.
General aspects. Composition. Adaptations to pelagic life. Nekton distribution: horizontal migrations. Sampling and study methodologies.
8. Benthic domain I.
General aspects, benthic habitats, and types of benthos. Comparison between benthos and plankton. Composition and distribution (rocky and sandy substrates, coastal and deep environments). The Posidonia oceanica community. Adaptations of benthic animals. Spatial organisation: succession. Sampling methodology.
9. Benthic domain II. Estuaries and coral reefs.
Origin and types of estuaries. Physico-chemical characteristics of estuaries. Estuaries as ecosystems. Human impacts on estuaries. Coral reefs: bio-constructing organisms (corals and others). Types of coral reefs (fringing reefs, barrier reefs, atolls). Coral reef ecology. Threats to coral reefs.
BLOCK 4. ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
10. Biotic interactions.
Introduction. Competition and coexistence. Predation in benthic and planktonic environments, strategies for protection against predation. Symbiosis in the marine environment: parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
11. Energy transfer.
Food webs. Introduction. Food chains and energy transfer. Estimation of secondary production. Food webs. The microbial loop. Comparison between marine and terrestrial production.
12. Human impacts.
Types of marine uses. Industrial and agricultural facilities and activities. Exploitation of abiotic and biotic resources.
13. Protection and conservation.
Protection tools. Threats and endangered species. Conservation and management of coastal areas.
PRACTICAL SESSIONS:
Practical 1.
At two different beaches, collection of biological samples and measurement of abiotic parameters of the coastal zone. Labelling and preservation.
Practical 2. (carried out over 3 sessions of 2–4 hours each)
Sample processing. Sample separation, analysis, identification, and data collection. Data processing and interpretation. Preparation of a written report.
Practical 3.
Discussion of practical results.
Practical 4.
Correction of the practical report/article.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Field practices | 12 | 0.48 | 1, 2, 3, 7 |
| Preparation of work, resolution of issues and problems | 37 | 1.48 | 1, 4, 5, 8 |
| Lab practices | 14 | 0.56 | 1, 3 |
| Autonomous study and self-study work | 54 | 2.16 | 1, 4, 5 |
| Classroom lectures | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 4, 5, 6 |
| Seminar | 4 | 0.16 | 1, 4, 5, 6 |
| Theory lessons | 20 | 0.8 | 3, 4, 5, 6 |
| Tutorial meeting | 6 | 0.24 | 4, 5 |
The methodology used in this course to achieve the learning process is based on student work with available information. The function of the professor is to give the information or indicate where student can get it, helping and supervising the student during the learning process. To achieve this goal, the course is based on the following activities:
Lectures
The content of the theory program will be taught mainly by the teacher in the form of master classes with complementary interactive activities in which the student has a active role. The theory classes will be complemented with the visualization of animations and videos related to the topics covered in class. Likewise, some classes will be complemented with activities for evaluating student learning, by solving issues raised by the teacher that will be solved at the beginning of the session (when they serve as a review of contents already discussed in previous sessions) or at the end of the session (when questions help the reflection on the matter explained or the video analysed). The resolution of these issues will be evaluated individually or in groups. The visual aids used in class by the teacher will be available in the Virtual Campus. It is recommended that students take this material to class, to use it as support when taking notes. Students are advised to consult regularly the books recommended in the Bibliography section to consolidate and clarify, if necessary, the contents explained in class.
In these sessions the student acquires the basic scientific-technical knowledge of the course that must be complemented with personal study of the topics explained.
Seminars
They will consist of directed work classes, where current topics previously programmed by the teacher will be discussed in groups. The participation of students will be valued.
The aim of the seminars is to promotethe capacity for analysis and synthesis and critical reasoning.
Field and laboratory practices
Field practice consists of two trips (8 and 4hours respectively) to two beaches on the Catalan coast.
The laboratory practices consist of:
- 3 sessions of 4 hours for sample processing and obtaining results.
- 2 sessions of 2h aimed at the orientation of the treatment of results and discussion of results.
- 1 session of 2h aimed at the correction of the scientific article.
The students, based on the data collected in the field and the results obtained in the laboratory, will make a scientific mini-article with a maximum length of 15 pages (all included), with an Arial letter body of 12 with a line spacing of 1, 5, which will consist of the following mandatory sections:
- Title, authors, subject, course.
- Summary.
- Introduction to the topic of work with the objectives of the same at the end.
- Material and methods.
- Results
- Discussion.
- Bibliography (regulations in the Virtual Campus).
Once delivered and corrected the article by the teacher, a correction session will be made.
Tutorials
The aim of these sessions is to solve doubts, review basic concepts not explained in class and guide about the sources consulted by students. The schedule of the tutorials is specified with the teaching staff, and if the teacher considers it convenient, some can be done as a group in the classroom.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active participation and tutoring (fieldwork, laboratory, seminars, project work). Modifier -1/+1 | 0% | 0 | 0 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 |
| Fisrt partial theory | 17,5% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 4, 5 |
| Correction and delivery of the practice article | 50% | 0 | 0 | 1, 2, 3 |
| Second partial theory | 32,5% | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 4, 5 |
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT MARINE BIOLOGY
Modulation -1/+1:
Assessment for this course is carried out throughout the academic year:
Assessment of students’ attitude and active participation throughout the entire course (fieldwork, laboratory sessions, seminars, project work), both individually and as a group.
This assessment acts as a -1/+1 modifier of the final course grade.
Examination Assessment:
Mid-term examinations:
The mid-term examinations will individually assess students’ knowledge acquired throughout the course, as well as their ability for analysis, synthesis, and critical reasoning.
Two mid-term examinations eliminating course content will be carried out.
The 1st mid-term examination accounts for 32.5% of the final grade.
The 2nd mid-term examination accounts for 17.5% of the final grade.
Resit examination:
Students who do not pass one of the two mid-term examinations (minimum grade: 5 out of 10) must retake the corresponding examination(s) in the final examination.
In order to average this component with the other assessment activities, students must obtain a minimum grade of 4 in the two mid-term examinations.
Practical Assessment:
Attendance at practical sessions (laboratory or fieldwork) and seminars is compulsory.
Attendance and performance in laboratory and fieldwork practical sessions, together with the preparation of a scientific article, will account for 50% of the final course grade.
Both the process and the final product of the scientific article preparation will be assessed. Therefore, the first version of the article will represent 15% of the grade, while the final submission will represent 35% of the grade.
The following aspects will be assessed:
- Study design (during classroom practical sessions and seminars).
- Structure and coherence of the proposed work.
- Introduction: conceptual clarity of the approach.
- Methodological accuracy.
- Clear and concise presentation of results.
- Ability to discuss and interpret results.
- Formal quality of the document (tables, figures, references).
- Compliance with the established length requirements.
A minimum grade of 4 is required in order to average this component with the other assessment activities.
Practical assessment is not eligible for reassessment.
Not assessed:
To participate in the resit examination, students must have previously been assessed through a set of activities whose weighting is equivalent to at least two thirds of the total course or module grade.
Therefore, students will receive the grade "Not Assessed" when the completed assessment activities represent less than 67% of the final grade.
Single Assessment:
The single assessment consists of one synthesis examination in which the contents of the entire theoretical programme of the course will be assessed.
The single assessment examination will take place on the same date established in the calendar for the final continuous assessment examination, and the same resit system as for continuous assessment will be applied.
Students who choose the single assessment option must complete fieldwork and laboratory practical sessions in person and must have successfully passed them.
Attendance at the sessions related to the practical article, as well as seminars and classroom practical sessions, is also compulsory.
The assessment of PAUL, PLAB, PCAM, and SEM will follow the same procedure as continuous assessment.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies:
For this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively for support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches.
Students must clearly identify which parts have been generated using this technology, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these tools have influenced the process and the final outcome of the activity.
Failure to disclose the use of AI in this assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in partial or total grade penalties for the activity, or more severe sanctions in serious cases.
Irregularities in Assessment Activities:
Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity (academic fraud, plagiarism, or improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorised in the course guide) that may lead to a significant variation in the grade will result in that assessment activity receiving a grade of 0.
If the course guide establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in that assessment activity is an essential requirement to pass the course, or if multiple irregularities occur in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0.
In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.
Bibliography
Alcaraz, M., Estrada, M., Flos, J., Font, J., Romero, J. y Salat, J. 1985. L'oceanografi . I. Introducció a l'ecologia marina mediterrània. Diputació de Barcelona, Barcelona.
Cognetti, G., Sarà, M. y Magazzù, G. 2001. Biología Marina. Ariel Ciencia, Barcelona.
Demestre, M., Lleonart, J., Martin, P., Peitx, J.A. y Sardà, F. 1986. L’Oceanografia. II. Recursos pesquers de la mar catalana. Diputació de Barcelona, Barcelona.
Kaiser M. J. et al. 2020. Marine Ecology. Processes, Systems and impacts. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Lalli, C.M. y Parsons, T.R. 1997. Biological oceanography: an introduction. Pergamon Press (2ª edició), Oxford.
- Available online at: https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/1c3utr0/cdi_scopus_primary_2_s2_0_0030799128
Levinson, J.S. 2018. Marine Biology, function, biodiversity, ecology. Oxford University Press (5ª edició), New York.
- Available online at: https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/avjcib/alma991008541589706709
Pillay, T.V.R. 2004. Aquaculture and the environment. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
- Available online at: https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/avjcib/alma991010344216806709
Pinet, P.R. 2019. Invitation to oceanography. Jones and Bartlett Publishers (8ª edició), Sudbury.
Valiela, I. 2016. Marine ecological processes. Springer Verlag (3ªedició), New York.
- Available online at: https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/1c3utr0/cdi_proquest_ebookcentral_EBC6314147
WEB pages
http://www.jbpub.com/oceanlink
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/peril_habitat.html
Virtual teaching has highlighted the importance of having access to online resources. During these months, publishers have made a large amount of content openly available, and the digital book trial platform is also available (50,000 accessible books - https://mirades.uab.cat/ebs/).
At this link, you will find an infographic prepared by the Library Service to facilitate the location of electronic books: https://ddd.uab.cat/record/224929
Software
The software used in this course will depend on the project being carried out. In any case, apart from basic software, all other software will be open-source/free software. Students will not be required to purchase or subscribe to any licensed software.
Software used: RStudio, Ocean Data View (ODV), QGIS
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 23 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 231 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 231 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 231 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 231 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 232 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 232 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 232 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 232 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 233 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 233 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 233 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |