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Plant Biology

Code: 107540
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Microbiology FB 1

Contact lecturer

Name :
Eliana Carolina Bianucci Ovando
Email :
eliana.bianucci@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Joaquim Martí Clua
Isabel Corrales Pinart

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

It is advisable to review plant cell structure and function, fundamentals of Biochemistry.

Objectives

The course aims to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of Plant Biology, covering both the structural and functional foundations of plants.

Plants and microorganisms share a close evolutionary and functional relationship that has, in many cases, led to a strong mutual dependence. Well-known examples include symbiotic associations such as mycorrhizal formation and the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, as well as phytopathological interactions of major importance in agriculture and saprophytic interactions, which are essential for the recycling of mineral nutrients in ecosystems.

To understand these complex interactions, which are addressed primarily in advanced courses, students must first acquire the ability to recognize the different levels of plant organization, the basic vital functions of plants, and their regulation by internal and external factors.

To facilitate the learning process, the course is divided into two thematic modules covering the structural and functional foundations of Plant Biology, respectively, with the following objectives:

Module 1: Plant Physiology

Integrate knowledge of plant functioning at different organizational levels within the whole organism and understand its regulation by internal and environmental factors.

Module 2: Plant Cytology and Histology

Acquire a broad understanding of the diversity of plant cells and develop the ability to distinguish the cytophysiological characteristics that define the different plant tissues.

Learning outcomes

  • CM05 (Evaluate the global dynamics of natural systems at different scales of analysis to provide innovative responses to societal demands and care for the environment.) Evaluate the global dynamics of natural systems at different scales of analysis to provide innovative responses to societal demands and care for the environment.
  • CM06 (Integrate knowledge and skills from the field of biology, working individually and in groups, to prepare and present in writing or orally and publicly a scientific work.) Integrate knowledge and skills from the field of biology, working individually and in groups, to prepare and present in writing or orally and publicly a scientific work.
  • KM08 (Define the structure, organization and functioning of the different types of cells, tissues and physiological systems in living organisms.) Define the structure, organization and functioning of the different types of cells, tissues and physiological systems in living organisms.
  • SM06 (Relate the main biophysical, cellular, molecular and biochemical bases of physiological systems with their functioning.) Relate the main biophysical, cellular, molecular and biochemical bases of physiological systems with their functioning.
  • SM07 (Characterise the tissues of living organisms attending to the morphology, micro- and ultramicroscopic structure and cytophysiology of their components.) Characterise the tissues of living organisms attending to the morphology, micro- and ultramicroscopic structure and cytophysiology of their components.

Contents

Module 1: Plant Physiology


1.1. Peculiarities of plant life: the relationship between nutrition and plant form.

1.2. Water requirements: concept of water potential; osmotic relationships and growth.

1.3. Water absorption and transport.

1.4. Mineral requirements: plant mineral nutrition. Plant–soil relationships.

1.5. Nutrient absorption and transport.

1.6. Plants and light. Photosynthetic pigments; energy conversion.

1.7. Reductive carbon assimilation; C3 metabolism.

1.8. Photorespiration.

1.9. C4 and CAM metabolism.

1.10. Reductive assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur.

1.11. Secondary metabolism: pathways, functions, and applications.

1.12. Regulation of growth and development by internal factors: phytohormones and genetic regulation.

1.13. Regulation by external factors. Flowering sensing and regulatory systems. Photoperiodism, thermoperiodism, and vernalization.

1.14. Seed dormancy and germination.

1.15. Fruit formation and maturation.

1.16. Senescence and abscission.

1.17. Functions of the plant microbiome in plant physiology: an integrated perspective.


Module 2: Plant Cytology and Histology


2.1. Peculiarities of the plant cell. Cell wall. The concept of tissues in seed plants.

2.2. Meristems. Apical meristems, cambium, and phellogen.

2.3. Parenchyma: tissue organization patterns. Root endodermis. Transfer cells.

2.4. Mechanical tissues. Collenchyma. Sclerenchyma. Sclerenchyma cells.

2.5. Xylem. Tracheids and vessel elements. Fibres and xylem parenchyma.

2.6. Phloem. Sieve cells and sieve tube elements. Phloem parenchyma. Sclereids and phloem fibres.

2.7. Dermal tissues. Epidermis. Periderm.

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Literature review 7.5 0.3 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06, SM07
Text reading 7.5 0.3 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06, SM07
Theory classes 37 1.48 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06, SM07
Tutorials 6 0.24 CM05, CM06, SM06
Seminars 8 0.32 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06, SM07
Study 65 2.6 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06, SM07
Public speaking preparation 10 0.4 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06, SM07
Work composition 5 0.2 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM07

MODULE 1 (Plant Physiology)

The contents of this module comprise 25 lectures and 5 one-hour seminars (5 hours).

Lectures

During the lectures, the teaching staff will explain the contents of the syllabus described above in the "Contents" section. Students are encouraged to undertake independent study using the recommended bibliography together with their lecture notes.

Seminars

The seminars are intended to foster students' critical thinking through the analysis and discussion of case studies and problems, oral presentations of assignments, the resolution of questions related to topics covered in the lectures, and the development of an up-to-date research project or assignment, among other activities.

Tutorials

Tutorials will be held individually in each lecturer's office (by appointment). They are intended to clarify concepts, consolidate the knowledge acquired during the course, and support students in their learning process.


MODULE 2 (Plant Cytology and Histology)

The contents of this module comprise 12 lectures and 3 one-hour seminars (3 hours).

The three scheduled seminars are designed to enable students to develop teamwork and critical reasoning skills. The class will be divided into groups of four to six students, each of which will work on a specific topic from the syllabus for subsequent oral presentation and group discussion. The organization of the groups and the allocation of topics will take place during the first seminar. During the remaining seminars, some groups will be required to submit a written version of their assigned work to the lecturer. These same groups will then present their work orally to the rest of the class using the resources available in the classroom.

Note: Fifteen minutes of one class session, within the timetable established by the School/Degree Programme, will be reserved for students to complete the institutional surveys evaluating the teaching staff and the course.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Work, Oral presentation, Qualific. inter-group and intra-group. Citology and Histology Module 6 0 0 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM07
Plant Physiology exam 54.3 2 0.08 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06
Homework and seminar and tutorial participation, Plant Physiology module 13 0 0 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM06
Citology and Histology Exam 26.7 2 0.08 CM05, CM06, KM08, SM07

The specific and transferable competencies of this course will be continuously assessed through written tests (exams), thematic written assignments, completed questionnaires, oral presentations, and participation in seminars.

Each module is evaluated independently. Students must pass both modules to pass the course. The final grade is calculated by weighting the grades of each module based on the number of credits for each [Module 1: 4 credits; Module 2: 2 credits]. The weighting for each module is as follows: Module 1: 67% of the course grade, Module 2: 33% of the course grade.

To participate in the retake, students must have been previously assessed in a set of activities that account for at least two-thirds of the total grade of the course or module. Therefore, students will receive a grade of \"Not Assessable\" if the activities performed account for less than 67% of the final grade.

Repeating students only need to retake the specific modules they have not passed.

Assessment - Module 1: Plant Physiology

The final module grade will be calculated by weighting the different continuous assessment activities as follows.

Theory: This component accounts for 80% of the final module grade. Two midterm examinations will be held, each contributing 40% of the final module grade. To pass the module, students must obtain a minimum mark of 5.0/10 in each examination.

Seminars: Attendance at seminars is mandatory and accounts for 20% of the final module grade. The activities carried out during the seminars cannot be retaken.

Absences that are duly justified in accordance with UAB regulations will not result in any penalty. In the event of an unjustified absence, the seminar grade will be reduced as follows:

  • 1 absence: 20% reduction of the seminar grade.
  • 2 absences: 40% reduction of the seminar grade.
  • 3 absences: 80% reduction of the seminar grade.
  • More than 3 unjustified absences: the module will be considered failed.

If a student is unable to attend an examination for a duly justified reason, they must take the resit examination. If they do not pass the resit examination, they will be entitled to a second official examination opportunity.


Single Assessment

The single assessment consists of a comprehensive examination covering the theoretical contents of the module (essay questions, concept integration, and analysis of real case studies). This examination will be held on the same date, at the same time and place as the regular theoretical examination. The resit of the single assessment will take place on the same date, time and location established for the general course resit examination.

The single assessment accounts for 80% of the module grade.

Attendance at seminars is mandatory, is not subject to single assessment, and follows the same procedures as in the continuous assessment pathway.

To pass the module, students must obtain a minimum final grade of 5.0/10, calculated after weighting the single assessment (80%) and the seminar grade (20%).

Assessment - Module 2: Plant Cytology and Histology

The competencies of this module will be assessed through continuous assessment, including various tests, written assignments, and oral presentations. A minimum grade of 5 (out of 10) is required to pass this module. The evaluation system is divided into two sections, each independently assessed and assigned a specific weight in the final module grade:

  • Written Tests (80% of the overall grade): Individual knowledge assessment through multiple-choice exams. A written test will be conducted at the end of the Histology syllabus. Students scoring below 4 (out of 10) cannot combine this with seminar grades and must take the resit examination.
  • Seminars (20% of the overall grade): Assessment of each group's analytical and synthesis abilities, group work skills, and oral presentation skills. Seminar evaluations are as follows:
  • Written assignment (50%): The instructor evaluates the submitted work from each group of students (scored out of 10).
  • Oral presentation (20%): The instructor evaluates the presentation skills of each group (scored out of 10).
  • Inter-Group Evaluation (15%): Each group evaluates other presenting groups (scored out of 10).
  • Intra-Group Evaluation (15%): Each student within a group evaluates their peers (scored out of 10).

Attendance: Mandatory. Unjustified absences result in penalties:

  • 1 missed session = 20% reduction in seminar grade.
  • 2 missed sessions = 40% reduction in seminar grade.
  • 3 or more missed sessions = 80% reduction in seminar grade.

Single Assessment

The single assessment of the \"Plant Cytology and Histology\" module consists of a comprehensive test on theoretical content. This test will be held on the same day, time, and place as the module's theoretical exam. The resit examination will also be on the same day, time, and place as the course retake.

  • Single Assessment: The single assessment accounts for 80% of the module grade.
  • Seminar Attendance: Attendance at seminars is mandatory, is not subject to the single assessment, and follows the same continuous assessment procedures.

General Considerations

Written examinations may be passed either through the scheduled midterm examinations or through the final resit examination covering the contents of both modules. Students who do not sit one or more midterm examinations, or who fail them, may recover the corresponding part(s) by taking the scheduled resit examination at the end of the semester. Students who do not sit any of the midterm examinations will not be eligible for the resit examination.

Grade Improvement

Students can take a grade improvement exam for each module. These exams will be held on the same day as the course retake. To improve the grade, students must take the final module exam, and the grade obtained in this examination will replace any previous grade obtained for the module.


Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Restricted use: In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively as a support tool for literature and information searches, language editing, translation, improving writing, or organizing content. The use of AI tools to generate, either wholly or partially, answers to examinations, reports, assignments, or any other assessed activities that require independent analysis, interpretation of results, or scientific reasoning is not permitted.

Students must clearly acknowledge any use of AI tools, specify the tools used, and briefly describe how they contributed to the development of the assessed activity.

Failure to disclose the use of AI tools will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or total reduction of the assessment grade, as well as additional disciplinary sanctions in cases of serious misconduct.


Irregularities in assessment activities

Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity (academic fraud, plagiarism, or the improper use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), unless such use is expressly authorised in the course guide) that may lead to a significant alteration of the assessment result will result in a grade of 0 for that assessment activity. If the course guide establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in that assessment activity is a compulsory requirement to pass the course, or if multiple irregularities are committed in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0. In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.

Bibliography

Module 1

Azcon Bieto J & Talón M. Fundamentos de Fisiología Vegetal, 2nd Ed, McGraw-Hill, Interamericana (2013).

Barceló, J. et al. Fisiología Vegetal, Ed. Piràmide, Madrid 2005

Taiz L & Zeiger E. Plant Physiology, 6th edition, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA (USA, 2014); Other resources for Plant Physiology and Development, 7ed Instructor: Resources (https://learninglink.oup.com/access/taiz7e-student-resources#tag_all-chapters).

Relevant references

Barceló, J. et al. Fisiología Vegetal, Ed. Piràmide, Madrid 2005

Module 2

Esau, K.: Anatomía vegetal (ed. Omega) Fahn, A.: Anatomía vegetal (ed. Pirámide)

Mauseth, J.D.: Plant Anatomy. (ed. Benjamin/Cummings)

Paniagua, R. y col.: Citología e Histología vegetal y animal (ed. McGraw-Hill)

Digital documents:

https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/descargas/descargas.php

http://www.hiperbotanica.net/

http://wzar.unizar.es/acad/histologia/paginas/Atlas_inicio.htm

https://editorial.unam.edu.ar/images/documentos_digitales/978-950-579-064-7.pdf

http://www.facmed.unam.mx/deptos/biocetis/atlas2013A/

Relevant references

Esau, K.: Anatomía vegetal (ed. Omega)

Mauseth, J.D.: Plant Anatomy. (ed. Benjamin/Cummings)

Software

No software is needed

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 71 Catalan/Spanish second semester afternoon
(SEM) Seminars 711 Catalan/Spanish second semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 712 Catalan/Spanish second semester morning-mixed