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Evolution of Nursing Care and Nursing Thought

Code: 106106
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Nursing OB 1

Contact lecturer

Name :
Carmen Quiñoa Salanova
Email :
carmen.quinoa@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Carmen Quiñoa Salanova
Daniel Gomez Garcia

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites


There are no specific prerequisites to take this subject, although it is recommended that students have basic knowledge of general history and critical thinking skills.

Objectives

The subject Evolution of Nursing Care and Thinking is considered to be compulsory within the Nursing Basis syllabus criteria of the Autonomous University of Barcelona in order to obtain a Nursing Degree. Nursing care helps the patient, family or community to take responsibility in matters of Health and to mobilize resources to preserve it and improve it, as well as potentiating self-care.

This subject aims to introduce the students to Nursing Science so that they can understand the main and differentiated role of the nursing profession and can integrate, in following years, the theoretical and methodological grounds.

The main objectives of this subject are:

1)    Explain in which ways humans have stayed healthy and fallen ill throughout history.

2)    Identify people who have influenced the process of nursing care.

3)    Understand the social and cultural events that have influences the progress of nursing care.

4)    Describe nursing care practices in different historical periods.

5)    Analyse the evolution of gender equality in the nursing profession.

6)    Understand the evolution of nursing training.

7)    Explain the conceptual models of nursing.

Learning outcomes

  • CM11 (Promote the right to information, participation and promotion of autonomy in the decision-making of the people served, according to their way they experience their health and disease process.) Promote the right to information, participation and promotion of autonomy in the decision-making of the people served, according to their way they experience their health and disease process.
  • KM16 (Relate the concept of health to the evolution of nursing care from a historical perspective.) Relate the concept of health to the evolution of nursing care from a historical perspective.
  • KM17 (Define the evolution of the core concepts comprising the discipline of nursing from an ontological and epistemological perspective and the most important theoretical models.) Define the evolution of the core concepts comprising the discipline of nursing from an ontological and epistemological perspective and the most important theoretical models.

Contents

UNIT I

• TOPIC 1: Prehistory and survival care. Knowledge related to healing and caregiving. Primitive cultures and survival care. The first caregivers.

• TOPIC 2: Ancient civilizations. Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, Palestine, and China.

• TOPIC 3: Classical civilizations: Greece and Rome.

• TOPIC 4: The Middle Ages. Medieval nursing. The Early and Late Middle Ages. Feudalism. Monasticism. Islam. The Crusades. Military orders. Mendicant orders. Secular orders. Diseases: epidemics and leprosy.

• TOPIC 5: The Contemporary Period. The Industrial Revolution. Advances in medicine and hygiene. The foundation of the International Red Cross. Progress in the health sciences and the professionalization of nursing: Florence Nightingale.

• TOPIC 6: The consolidation of nursing. Nursing today: from the Diploma in Nursing to the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing.

• TOPIC 7: The Social Image of Nursing.

UNIT II

• TOPIC 8: The nursing paradigm. Models and theories. Conceptual models. The nursing metaparadigm. Schools of nursing thought.

• TOPIC 9: The Needs School: Virginia Henderson and Dorothea Orem.

• TOPIC 10: The Human Caring School: Jean Watson. Transcultural Nursing: Madeleine Leininger.

• TOPIC 11: The nursing models of Hildegard Peplau, Callista Roy, and Patricia Benner.

• TOPIC 12: Katherine Kolcaba. Marjory Gordon's Functional Health Patterns.

• TOPIC 13: The application of theoretical nursing models to clinical practice.




Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Seminars (SEM) 18 0.72
Projects / Personal study / Article Reading 102 4.08
Theory (TE) 27.5 1.1

DIRECTED LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Lectures: The aim of the lectures is to develop students' understanding of the historical evolution of nursing care and nursing thought.

Students who do not attend at least 70% of the large-group lectures will lose 1 point from their final course grade. Attendance may be monitored through attendance records and/or formative learning activities. The completion of these activities will account for 5% of the final course grade.

Seminars: The purpose of the seminars is to explore the course content in greater depth. They are conducted in medium-sized groups, where students work on clinical scenarios under the supervision of a lecturer. Seminar activities include literature searching, group discussion, preparation of a group assignment, and group oral presentations.

Note: Attendance at seminars is mandatory. Each absence will result in a deduction of 0.25 points from the final course grade. Students with two or more absences will not be eligible to be assessed for the seminar component.

Individual tutorials: Individual tutorial sessions may be arranged by contacting the lecturer in advance via email.

The use of inclusive language will be encouraged in both students' oral presentations and written assignments.


Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Written assessment by objective evidence 50% 2 0.08 CM11, KM16, KM17
Active participation in seminars 45% 0 0 CM11, KM16, KM17
Written participation at the end of the theoretical classes 5% 0.5 0.02 CM11, KM16, KM17

This course is assessed through continuous assessment. It consists of the following components:

  1. Written assessment: 50% of the final grade. A single multiple-choice examination with four answer options for each question. Every three incorrect answers will cancel out one correct answer.
  2. Active participation in seminars and assessment of the group project: 40% of the final grade.
  3. Reasoned self-assessment in the seminars: 5%.
  4. Participation and assessment of a written activity in the theoretical classes: 5% of the final grade.

The final course grade will be calculated as the weighted sum of the grades obtained in the proposed assessment activities. To be eligible for this calculation, students must obtain a minimum score of 5 out of 10 in each of the different assessment components. Failure to achieve the minimum score in any one or all of these components means that the course will not be passed. Students who do not meet this minimum requirement must take the final resit examination. If they obtain a score of at least 5 out of 10 in the resit examination, this grade will be combined with the grades obtained in the other assessment components that have already been passed.

If a student does not achieve a passing grade in any assessment component, that component may be retaken separately, following the instructions provided by the teaching staff.

According to Agreement 4.4 of the Governing Council of 17 November 2010 on assessment regulations, grades are awarded as follows:

  • 0.0–4.9: Fail
  • 5.0–6.9: Pass
  • 7.0–8.9: Merit
  • 9.0–10.0: Excellent
  • Honours (Matrícula d'Honor): Above 9.0.

If students do not attend one or any of the scheduled assessment activities, the final grade will be recorded as Not Assessed.

According to Section 9 of Article 266 of the UAB Academic Regulations, when it is considered that a student has not provided sufficient evidence for assessment, the course will be graded as Not Assessed.

To be eligible to resit any assessment component, students must have taken the final examination for the course.

Review of Assessments

Students may request a review of their assessment grades within the period established by the course coordinator. In the case of seminar grades, the review must be arranged with the lecturer responsible for the seminar.

The review date will be communicated to all students through the course Moodle site. Requests submitted after the established deadline will not be accepted.

Special Cases

In exceptional circumstances, an expert committee will meet to assess the student's individual situation and make the most appropriate decision.

No examinations will be held outside the dates established in the official examination calendar for the 2026–2027 academic year of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing at UAB.

This course does not offer a single-assessment system.

For this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively for support tasks, such as literature or information searches, proofreading or editing texts, and translations [...], activity xxx, or other specific situations determined by the teaching staff. Students must clearly identify which parts of their work have been generated using AI, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these tools influenced both the process and the final outcome of the assignment. Failure to disclose the use of AI in an assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or total reduction of the grade for the activity, or more severe disciplinary sanctions in serious cases.

Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity (including academic fraud, plagiarism, or the improper use of Artificial Intelligence, unless such use is explicitly authorised in the course guide) that may lead to a significant alteration of the assessment outcome will result in a grade of 0 (zero) for that assessment.

If the course guide establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in that assessment is an essential requirement for passing the course, or if multiple irregularities are committed in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0 (zero).

In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.


Bibliography

Bibliography recommeded for the expository lectures.

Evolution of nursing care:


- Valls R.Història de la Professió d'Infermeria. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona; 2007.

- García Martín.Caro C, Martínez Martín M.L. Historia de la Enfermería. Evolución histórica del Cuidado Enfermero. Madrid: Harcourt Brace; 2001.

- Henández J. Historia de la Enfermería. Madrid: Interamericana; 1995.

- Domínguez C. Los Cuidados y la Profesión Enfermera en España. Madrid: Pirámide; 1986

Hernández Conesa J. Historia de la enfermería. Un análisis histórico de los cuidados de enfermería. Madrid:McGraw-Hill/Interamericana de España; 1995.

- Collière MF. Promover la vida: de la práctica de las mujeres cuidadoras a los cuidados de enfermería. Madrid: Interamericana McGraw-Hill; 1993

- Dominguez-Alcon,C. . Ediciones San Juan de Dios, 2017. Evolución del cuidado y profesión enfermera

- Domínguez Alcón C. La infermeria a Catalunya Barcelona: Rol; 1981. .

- Donahue P. La historia de la enfermería. Barcelona: Doyma;1993.

- Galiana-Sánchez, M. Historia de la enfermería de salud pública en España y el contexto internacional. European Journal for Nursing History and Ethics 2019

- Martín, M.L.Rebollo E. C. Historia de la enfermería: evolución histórica del cuidado enfermero. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2017

- Siles González J. Historia cultural de enfermería: reflexión epistemológica y metodológica. Av Enferm [Internet]. 2010 [citat 8 juliol 2020];(num. especial):120-8. Disponible a: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/avenferm/article/view/21456/22426

Siles Gonzalez J. Historia de la Enfermería. Ediciones DAE. Madrid, 2011.

- Valls R, Ramió A, Torres C, Roldán A, Rodero V, Vives C, Dominguo A, Domínguez-Alcón C. Infermeres catalanes a la Guerra Civil espanyola. Barcelona: Publicacions i edicionsde la Universitat de Barcelona; 2008.

- Bernabeu-Mestre J, Gascón-Perez E. Historia de la enfermeria de salud pública en España (1860-1977) [Internet]. Universidad de Alicante. 1999 [citat 8 juliol 2020]. p. 162. Disponible a: https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/14595/1/Bernabeu_Gascon_Historia_enfermeria.pdf

Nursing theories, models and schools of thought:

- Henderson V. Principios básicos de los cuidados de enfermería.Ginebra: CIE; 1971.

- Alligood MR, Marriner Tomey A. Modelos y teorías en enfermería. 8a ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; cop. 2015

- Kérouac S, Pepín J, Ducharme F, Duquette A, Mayor F. El Pensamiento Enfermero. Barcelona: Masson S.A; 1996

- King I. Enfermería como profesión. Filosofía, principios y objetivos. México: Limusna S.A, 1984.

- Leininger M. Transcultural nursing: concepts, theories and practe. New York [etc]: Mc Graw-Hill; 2002.

- Luis Rodrigo MT, Fernández Ferrín C, Navarro Gómez V. De la teoría a la práctica: el pensamiento de Virginia Henderson en el siglo XXI. 3a ed. Barcelona: Masson; 2008

- Nigthtingale F. Notas sobre Enfermería. Qué es y qué no es. Barcelona:Masson; 1991.

- Nightingale Florence. Notes on nursing: what it is and what it is not. [llibre en internet]. New York: Edited by D.Appleton and Company; 1989

-Orem D. Conceptos de enfermería en la práctica. Barcelona: Masson-Salvat;1993.

- Peplau H. Relaciones interpersonales enenfermería. Un marco dereferencia conceptual para la enfermería psicodinámica. Barcelona:Masson-Salvat;1990.

- Watson J. Le caring: philosophie et science des soins infirmieres. Paris: Seli Arslan; 1998.

- Garzón Alarcón N. Ética profesional y teorías de enfermería. Aquichan vol5 no1 Bogotá Jan/Dec 2005 [Internet]. 2005 [citat 9 juliol 2020];5(1):64-71. Disponible a: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S1657-59972005000100007&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt

- Morales-Valdivia, Estela ; Rubio-Contreras, Ana Ma ; Ramírez-Durán M del V. Metaparadigma y teorización actual e innovadora de las teorías y modelos de enfermería. RECIEN Rev Electrónica Científica Enfermería [Internet]. 2012 [citat 9 juliol 2020];(4):1-17. Disponible a: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5417719

- López-Parra M, Santos-Ruiz S, Varez-Peláez S, Abril-Sabater D, Rocabert-Luque M, Ruiz-Muñoz M, et al. Reflexiones acerca del uso y utilidad de los modelos y teorías de enfermería en la práctica asistencial. Enferm Clin [Internet]. 1 juliol 2006 [citat 9 juliol 2020];16(4):218-21. Disponible a: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1130862106712177

- Cantus DS, Contreras LP. Theories and models in clinical nursing practice. An impossible relationship? Enferm Glob [Internet]. 2012 [citat 8 juliol 2020];11(3):292-8. Disponible a: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1695-61412012000300015&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

 

Software

 
 

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 101 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 101 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(TE) Theory 102 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 102 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(TE) Theory 103 Catalan/Spanish first semester afternoon
(SEM) Seminars 103 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 104 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 105 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 106 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 107 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 108 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 109 Catalan/Spanish first semester afternoon
(SEM) Seminars 110 Catalan/Spanish first semester afternoon
(SEM) Seminars 111 Catalan/Spanish first semester afternoon
(SEM) Seminars 112 Catalan/Spanish first semester afternoon