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Separation Techniques

Code: 102529
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Chemistry OB 3

Contact lecturer

Name :
Cristina Palet Ballus
Email :
cristina.palet@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Xavier Ceto Alseda
Antonio Calvo Lopez

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

It is necessary to have studied the subjects of Chemistry of the lower level classes, as well as those of the same course of the first semester.

Objectives

The main objective of the subject of Separation Techniques is to get the student to understand the concepts, principles, theories and fundamental facts of the main separation techniques in Chemistry, both chromatographic and non-chromatographic. It also includes knowledge of the basics of relative chromatographic and non-chromatographic instrumentation, as well as various current and future fields of application. Simultaneously, the aim is for the student to be able to solve exercises and problems related to chemical separations, using different bibliographic sources.

Learning outcomes

  1. Communicate orally and in writing in one's own language.
  2. Manage the organisation and planning of tasks.
  3. Resolve problems and make decisions.
  4. Obtain information, including by digital means.
  5. Manage, analyse and synthesise information.
  6. Use IT to treat and present information.
  7. Work in a team and show concern for interpersonal relations at work.
  8. Operate with a certain degree of autonomy and integrate quickly in the work setting.
  9. Reason in a critical manner
  10. Be ethically committed.
  11. Learn autonomously.
  12. Adapt to new situations.
  13. Propose creative ideas and solutions.
  14. Show initiative and an enterprising spirit.
  15. Show motivation for quality.
  16. Show sensitivity for environmental issues.
  17. Describe the basics of the main chromatographic and non-chromatographic chemical separation techniques.
  18. Describe the basics of chromatographic instrumentation.
  19. Identify the fields of application of the main chromatographic techniques.
  20. Resolve exercises and problems related with chemical separations using different bibliographic sources and simulation programs.
  21. Evaluate the capacities of the information contained in online networks.
  22. Recognise the English terminology in bibliographic databases and online information.
  23. Use English scientific terms in the field of separation techniques.

Contents

Unit 1. Introduction. Analytical techniques of separation. Separation processes in Chemistry. Separation in Analytical Chemistry. Fundamentals of separation processes. Classifications. Introduction to chromatography. Concept Bases chromatographic separations. Classifications. First layer.

Unit 2. Chromatographic parameters. Basic definitions. Retention parameters. Thermodynamic aspects: distribution coefficient. Retention factor (capacity) and selectivity factor. Theory of dishes. Efficiency Kinetic aspects: bandwidth and Van Deemter equation. Resolution Qualitative and quantitative analysis in chromatography.

Unit 3. Chromatography of gases. Principles of gas chromatography. Instrumentation Bearer gas Injectors Columns. Stationary phases Detectors Factors that affect separation and resolution. Gas chromatography - solid (adsorption). Gas-liquid chromatography. Applications for qualitative analysis. Index of Kovats. Derivation. Applications to quantitative analysis.

Unit 4. Liquid chromatography (I). Liquid column chromatography. High resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC). Instrumentation Columns. Detectors Liquid chromatography - liquid (partition). Bound stationary phases: normal phase and reverse phase. Mobile phase: strength and selectivity of the solvent. Applications.

Unit 5. Liquid chromatography (II). Others Liquid-solid chromatographies. Adsorption. Ion chromatography: Ion exchange base and resin converters. Molecular exclusion chromatography.

Unit 6. Separation with supercritical fluids. Characteristics of supercritical fluids. Extraction and chromatography with supercritical fluids. Applications.

Unit 7. The mass spectrometer asa chromatography detector. The mass spectrometer and its characteristics.Gas-mass and liquid-mass interface. Type of ionization. Types of spectrometers. Differences between MS and MSn.

Unit 8. Separation techniques applied to sample treatment. Non chromatographic techniques: Solvent extraction: Concept. Law of distribution. Simple and successive extraction. Solid phase extraction (SPE): Basic concepts, MIPs. Applications.

Unit 9. Capillary electrophoresis. Concept of electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis. Electrosmotic flow and electrophoretic mobility. Instrumentation Capillary electrophoresis zone. Applications.


Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Seminars 1 0.04 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23
Teaching class 36 1.44 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23
Solving problems classes 12 0.48 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23
Self study 92 3.68 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23

Teaching methodology and training activities

The training activities are divided into three sections: theory classes, problem classes and seminars, each one with its specific methodology.

Theory classes

The teacher will explain the content of the syllabus with the support of audiovisual material that will be available to students in the Virtual Campus of the subject. These lectures will be an important part of the theory section.

Under the guidance of the teacher and through communication through the Virtual Campus, the knowledge of selected parts of the syllabus will have to be searched and studied by means of autonomous learning by the students. In order to facilitate this task, information about locations will be provided in textbooks, web pages, etc.

Solving problem classes

The number of students in solving problem class groups will depend on the teaching plan programmed by the Department of Chemistry.

The dossiers of problem statements of the subject by categorized subjects will be delivered through the Virtual Campus, which will be solved during the face-to-face problem sessions (scheduled in the time schedule prepared by the Coordination of the Degree in Chemistry). In these sessions, solving problem teachers will present the experimental and calculation principles needed to work on the problems stated, explaining the guidelines for solving them and at the same time reinforcing the knowledge of different parts of the subject of the theory classes.

Seminars

A seminar can be programmed to deal with specific subjects related to the subject's program or to review concepts at the end of the course.

Material available on the Virtual Campus of the subject

Teaching guide

Presentations used by teachers in the theory classes

Dossiers of solving problem classes

Calendar of teachingactivities (classroom, seminar classes, assessments,...)


AI use

Restricted use: “For this subject, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively in support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction or translations, preparation of notes, for example; in the preparation of a specific work or evidence (it will always be indicated in the classroom or on the Virtual Campus when its use is permitted). The student or group of students must clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. The lack of transparency in the use of AI in this assessable activity will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater sanctions in serious cases.


Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Exam 1st part 35% 2 0.08 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23
Final Exam 70% 3 0.12 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Exam 2nd part 35% 2 0.08 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23
Cooperative work or Evidences 30% 2 0.08 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, 21, 22, 23

The evaluation process follows the principle of continuous evaluation. For the evaluation of the subject, will be performed:

A) Two partial trials on the dates indicated by the faculty, each corresponding to a part of the subject. The weight of each part will come according to the corresponding calendar and each course will be indicated. Usually, the content of the 1st part is never less than 1/3 of the total. The partial tests are individual. Both the theoretical part and the resolution of practical problems will be evaluated.

In order to average the final grade, the partial grade must be equal to or greater than 5.0, and the two partial trials will have a weighting of 70% in the final grade.

B) Cooperative activities or Evidences. These works can be done in groups or individually, and the maximum number of participants will be set before each work. The overall grade for this work will have a weighting of 30% in the final grade. The presentation of evidences is mandatory for all students. The non-presentation of an evidence will imply a score of 0 in it.

The final grade for the subject is the sum of the weighted grades from the previous two items. To pass the course, students must obtain a final grade equal to or higher than 5.0.

Students who do not pass the assessment of the partial trials in section (A) will have an extraordinary assessment, on the dates determined by the faculty. In order to be able to take the corresponding retake exam, students must have participated in assessment activities throughout the course that are equivalent to 2/3 of the final grade (that is, they must have taken both partial trials).

Only the note referred to in section (A) can be retrieved. For final mark, the note in section (B) will be the same.

To recover the grade in section (A), the student must compulsorily present each of the partial trials with a grade lower than 5.0.

The mark of the resit/retake exam will replace the previous mark in the calculation of the final mark. To be able to average for the final grade, the grade of the partial trial must be equal to or higher than 5.0.

UNIQUE ASSESSMENT

Students who have accepted the single assessment modality will have to take a final test, where both the theoretical part and solving practical problems will be evaluated. The exam grade must be at least 5.0 and will have a weighting of 70% in the final grade.

On the same day of the exam, the student must hand in the evidences that has been taken during the course. The overall grade of this work will have a weighting of 30% in the final grade.

If the final grade does not reach 5, the student has another opportunity to pass the subject through the resit exam that will be held on the date set by the degree coordinator.

NOT ASSESSABLE

It will be considered NOT ASSESSABLE if the number of assessment activities carried out and presented is less than 30% of the total scheduled for the subject.


ACADEMIC FRAUD

Any irregularity in an assessment act (academic fraud, plagiarism or improper use of AI, unless this use is expressly authorized in the teaching guide), which may lead to a significant variation in the grade, means that this act will be graded with a 0. In the event that the teaching guide provides that in order to pass the subject it is an essential requirement to have obtained a minimum grade in this assessment act or that several irregularities occur in the assessment acts of the same subject, the final grade for this subject is 0. Apart from this, a disciplinary process may be initiated against the student who incurs any of these irregularities.


Bibliography

1) Daniel C. Harris, Anàlisi química quantitativa, Traducció 6a ed., Editorial: Reverté, 2006.

2) Daniel C. Harris, Charles A. Lucy, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 10th ed., Editorial: MacMillan Learning, 2020.

3) Thomas J. Bruno, James W. Robinson, et al., Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 8th ed., Editorial: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2024.

4) Douglas Skoog, F. Holler, Stanley Crounch, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 7th ed., Editorial: Brooks/Cole, 2017.

5) James W. Robinson et al., Instrumental Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction, Chapters 1, 10, 11 and 12, 1st ed., Editorial: CRC Press, 2021.

6) Gary D. Christian et al., Analytical Chemistry, 7th ed., Editorial: Wiley International, 2014.

7) J.M. Andrade-Garda, et al., Problems of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Chapter 6, Editorial: World Scientific, 2017.

ON-LINE Bibliography:

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry

Software

Microsoft Excel will be used.

HPLC on-line simulator:

http://www.multidlc.org/hplcsim/hplcsim.html

This is the original webpage of the HPLC simulator:

  https://www.hplcsimulator.org/simulator.php

 

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 1 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(PAUL) Classroom practices 1 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 1 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(TE) Theory 2 Catalan/Spanish second semester morning-mixed
(PAUL) Classroom practices 2 Catalan second semester morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars 2 Catalan second semester morning-mixed