
Metals in Biology and Medicine
Code: 102520Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | OP | 4 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Maria Mercè Capdevila Vidal
- Email :
- merce.capdevila@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Oscar Palacios Bonilla
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
To take this course, the "Fonaments de Química" and "Química dels elements" subjects must have previously been approved. It is highly recommended to have taken "Química de Coordinació i Organometàl·lica"
Objectives
"Metalls en Biologia i Medicina" is a fourth-year subject in which the student must acquire a general view of the fundamental contents of the area of knowledge of Bioinorganic Chemistry.
The general objective of this subject is that, from the general knowledge of Chemistry, Biology, Inorganic Chemistry and Biochemistry acquired in previously studied subjects, the student
reaches a basic knowledge of how important is the presence of metals in living beings both from the point of view of Biology and of Medicine.
The training objectives of the subject can be summarized in:
1) To know and understand the essentiality and toxicity of metals in biological systems and their importance and use in diagnosis and therapy.
2) To know the main types of metalloproteins and metal cofactors, their functions and the role of the metal center in each of them.
3) To know the main drugs, both in therapy and diagnosis, that contain metals and their mechanisms of action.
4) To learn to experimentally work with biological material.
Learning outcomes
- Communicate orally and in writing in one's own language.
- Manage the organisation and planning of tasks.
- Resolve problems and make decisions.
- Obtain information, including by digital means.
- Manage, analyse and synthesise information.
- Use IT to treat and present information.
- Work in a team and show concern for interpersonal relations at work.
- Reason in a critical manner
- Learn autonomously.
- Adapt to new situations.
- Propose creative ideas and solutions.
- Show initiative and an enterprising spirit.
- Show sensitivity for environmental issues.
- Recognise the essentiality and toxicity of metals in biological systems.
- Identify the maximum limits of presence of different metals in living organisms and in the environment.
- Distinguish the different detoxification agents of living organisms contaminated by metals and their methods of action.
- Distinguish the main types of metalloprotein and their functions in living organisms.
- Distinguish the main types of metal cofactor and their functions in metalloprotein.
- Recognise the influence of metals on the structure and stability of metalloprotein.
- Recognise the main metal storage and transport proteins, as well as their mechanisms.
- Recognise the main oxygen storage and transport proteins, as well as their mechanisms.
- Describe the basic principles of biomineralisation processes and the most relevant biominerals.
- Define the basic principles of drugs.
- Identify the main drugs (for therapy and diagnosis) that contain metals, and understand their mechanisms.
- Recognise and analyse situations of metal-biomolecule interaction by reading articles related with the problem.
- Perform synthesis of compounds metals that can be considered models of active centres of metalloprotein and study their activity.
- Study the action of certain metalloproteins in consideration of their characteristic substrates by means of common chemistry laboratory techniques.
- Use standard instruments and materials to characterise the activity of certain metalloproteins in consideration of their characteristic substrates.
- Properly interpret data obtained in the laboratory after computerised treatment and on the basis of the acquired knowledge.
- Work experimentally with biological material (inert, aseptic and/or controlled atmospheres).
- Identify the risks involved in the handling of chemical compounds used in biological chemistry, and apply suitable protocols for the storage or elimination of the waste generated.
- Recognise the common chemical compounds found in the laboratory that require special safety measures.
- Remember the most common English terms used in the world of bioorganic chemistry, and interpret an article in English in a reasonable time.
Contents
*Introduction: Chemical elements of biological relevance: the frontier between essentiality and toxicity. Origin and abundance of different metals on Earth: relationship between abundance in the oceans and living beings. Metals of biological and pharmacological interest.
*Metallic elements in Medicine: Metallic therapeutical drugs: supplements, antimicrobial and antiarthritic agents. Li and the control of bipolar disorders. Diseases associated to the excess and/or defect of metals. Toxic metals. Anticancer therapeutic agents. Examples and mechanisms of action of cis-Pt and new generation Pt(II) drugs. Other anticancer agents containing metals. Imaging and diagnostic agents. 99mTc as a radiodiagnosis agent. Radiotherapy. Contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): the case of Gd(III).
*Metal ions and proteins. Bonding, stability and folding: The metallic cofactor. Amino acids as ligands of metal ions. Metalloproteins: folding, stability and classification. Role of the metal and the peptide chain. Tetrapyrrolic cofactors and nucleic acids. Elements of the s- and p-blocks
*Transport and storage of metal ions in living systems: Bioavailability of metal ions. General properties of transport systems: channels, transporters and pumps. Metallochaperons. The case of Fe. Metallic storage mechanisms: the case of ferritin and metallothioneins.
*Special cofactors and metal clusters: Structural characteristics, functionality and abundance. Fe-S cofactors and other electronic transfer cofactors: cytochromes and blue copper proteins. Nitrogenase. Zinc cofactors. Hemo cofactors: transport and storage of oxygen- Other oxygen transporters. Corrins and chlorophylls. Protection against free radicals.
*Biominerals and biomineralization: Types of biominerals and their function: the case of Ca, Si, oxides and sulfides of Fe. General principles of biomineralization. Growth of biominerals.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semminars | 2 | 0.08 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 25, 29, 33 |
| Theory classes | 36 | 1.44 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33 |
| Laboratory Practices | 12 | 0.48 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 |
| Individual work | 84 | 3.36 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 |
Classes of theory - Lectures: Students will acquire the knowledge of the subject by personally attending the classes taught by the teacher. Subsequently, this knowledge should be complemented with the individual work of thestudent consulting the bibliography that the teacher will indicate and participating in the accomplishment of the programmed activities. Master classes are a type of activity that requires little interaction with the student; they are conceived as a fundamentally unidirectional transmission of knowledge of the teacher towards the student. During the classes, students' participation will be encouraged through the dynamization of classes by the resolution of cases and questions on a regular basis. Also, each student will prepare a topic of his/her choice from a list of proposed topics, which will be exposed in class.
Classes of problems and Seminars: The knowledge acquired in theory classes and in personal study, will be applied to solving problems and/or exercises in the form of practical cases or theoretical assumptions. During this process, we will try tothe participation of students is important. Thus, in these sessions, the solutions proposed by the students will be discussed, based on their autonomous work developed individually or in groups, for previously raised cases. The faculty will helpdevelop critical thinking and logical reasoning, in order to increase students' ability to solve problems.
Practical classes: Laboratory practices will be carried out (3 sessions of 4 h each) related to the topics of the subject through which the student will become familiar with a series of basic laboratory techniques related to the manipulation ofproducts and chemical reagents and biological material as well as the use of small equipment typical of this area of knowledge and the most common instrumental techniques inthis discipline. The laboratory work will be done individuallyand will be supervised by the teacher who will evaluate the students considering their attention and performance in the laboratory as well as the reports (laboratory notebook) made.
Information on "satisfaction surveys": The teacher will allocate approximately 15 minutes of any of the classes at the end of the course to allow the students to answer the evaluation surveys of the teaching performance and the evaluation of the subject.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written exercices | 80% | 12 | 0.48 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 |
| Laboratory Module | 20% | 4 | 0.16 | 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33 |
The skills of this subject may be assessed:
A) continuously through two modules that include written tests and practice reports and/or written assignments, which will be assigned a specific weight in the final grade, or
B) through single assessment
It is necessary to obtain a grade ≥5.0 in the overall evaluation to pass the subject.
NON-ASSESSABLE: A student receives the grade of NOT ASSESSABLE if he/she has only been assessed, at most, on 25% of the tests and leaves the subject.
A) CONTINUOUS EVALUATION
1. Written tests (80%)
They will consist of two compulsory partial exams. In order to consider a student as "Not Presented" (NP) it will be necessary that he/she has not done any of the partial exams or the recovery exam (final exam or repechage).
To pass the subject by partials, you must have a minimum grade of 5.0 points in each partial and the final grade will be the simple average of the marks of the two partials that will be increased with the 10% of the overall grade obtained in the presentation of the theme prepared for each student. For students who do not pass one or both of them, there will be a repechage. In this case, the grade will be the weighted average of the final written test (70%) and of the marks obtained in the two partial tests (remaining 30%).
These exams will consist mainly of short theoretical questions and some practical exercises or cases to solve.
1.a) First partial exam
There will be a first partial exam, which will collect approximately 50% of the subject matter. The mark obtained in this first part will be increased with a 10% of the average mark obtained in the controls carried out in class during the first part of the course. The result of this operation will determine the final grade of the first partial.
1.b) Second partial exam
The second test of evaluation of the subject will be done once the theoretical classes are finished and may include some of the concepts that have already been evaluated in the first partial exam as well as the practical classes. The note obtained in this second partial will be increased with a 10% of the average mark obtained in the controls carried out in class during the second part of the course. The result of this operation will determine the final grade of the second partial.
1.c) Recovery exam
It will be done after the two partials and will include all the course material. In order to attend this final exam (recovery activity), the student must have been previously evaluated in the continuous assessment activities that are equivalent to a minimum of 2/3 of the final grade.
2. Laboratory module (20%)
Students will deliver reports on the practices carried out, and their skills in the laboratory will be assessed
B) UNIQUE ASSESSMENT
Students who have chosen the single assessment modality will have to take a final test which will consist of an exam that will include 100% of the theory explained in class (including the oral presentations of their classmates) and which will consist mainly of short theoretical questions and some practical exercises or cases to solve.
Afterwards the student will have to deliver a Word file and a Power Point presentation corresponding to the preparation of a subject of free choice (that has not been chosen by any of his/her classmates) among those offered at the beginning of the course for the oral presentations of students. Likewise, she/he will hand in the reports of the laboratory practices that are compulsory in-person attendance.
The student's grade will be the weighted average of two of the three previous activities, where the theory exam will account for 80% of the grade and the practice reports the remaining 20%. The final mark of the subject will be calculated by adding to the previous mark the 10% obtained in the preparation of the free-choice theme.
If the final grade does not reach 5, the student has another opportunity to pass the subject through the recovery exam that will be held on the date set by the degree coordinator. In this test the student can recover 80% of the grade corresponding to the theory and the problems. The practice part is not recoverable.
Restricted use of artificial intelligence (AI): For this subject, the use of AI technologies is allowed exclusively in support tasks, such as bibliographic or information search, text correction or translations and the preparation of the topic to be developed. The student should clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used, and include critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final outcome of the activity. The non-transparency of the use of AI in this assessable activity will be considered academic dishonesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater sanctions in cases of severity.
The performance of any irregularity in an assessment act (academic fraud, plagiarism or improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorized in the teaching guide), which may lead to a significant variation in the grade, means that this act will be graded with a 0. In the event that the teaching guide provides that in order to pass the subject it is an essential requirement to have obtained a minimum grade in this evaluation act or that there are several irregularities in the evaluation acts of the same subject, the final grade of this subject is 0. Apart from this, a disciplinary process may be initiated against the student who incurs in any of these irregularities.
Bibliography
Basic bibliography:
- Biological Inorganic Chemistry, A New Introduction to Molecular Structure and Function, R.R. Crichton, Elsevier, 2019
- Concepts and Models in Bioinorganic Chemistry, H.-B. Kraatz, N. Metzler-Nolte, Wiley-VCH, 2006
- Biological Inorganic Chemistry, Structure & Reactivity, I. Bertini, H.B. Gray, E.I. Stiefel, J.S. Valentine, University Science Books, California 2007
- Bioinorganic Medicinal Chemistry, E. Alessio, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany 2011
- Metals in Medicine, James C. Dabrowiak, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2nd Edition, 2017
- Química Bioinorgánica, J.S. Casas, V. Moreno, A. Sánchez, J.L. Sánchez, J. Sordo, Editorial Síntesis, Madrid 2002
- Introducción a la Química Bioinorgánica, M. Vallet, J. Faus, E. García-España, J. Moratal, Editorial Síntesis, Madrid 2003
Software
To take this course it is necessary to have access to Microsoft Office (Power Point and Word) as well as to Zoom (in case the classes must have virtual format).
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 1 | English | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 1 | English | second semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 1 | English | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 1 | English | second semester | afternoon |