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Geological Mapping

Code: 101040
Credits: 10
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Geology FB 2

Contact lecturer

Name :
Albert Griera Artigas
Email :
albert.griera@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Norbert Caldera Grau
Marta Roige Taribo
David Manuel Gómez Gras
Enric Vicens Batet
Eduard Saura Parramon
Albert Griera Artigas

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

To take this course, it is recommended that the students have passed the course “Fonaments de Geologia” and they have basic knowledge on:

-         description of rocks and outcrops.

-         the main tectonic structures: folds and faults.

-         the main concepts related with the evolution of the geological history of a region: sedimentation, deformation, igneous intrusions, erosion and unconformities.  

A basic skill in the geological cartography is the interpretation of geological bodies in three-dimension. For this reason, the students are recommended to use the digital resources given in the bibliography to practise this competence.

Objectives

This course is a basic subject and part of the block called “Geology” of the Bachelor’s degree in Geology. The goals of the course are:

-          Give to the students the basic skills to be autonomous in the field work tasks (acquisition of data, creation of stratigraphical logs and geological cross-sections).

-          Provide the geometrical techniques for the understanding and interpretation of the geological structure.

-          Provide the methodologies to elaborate and to interpret geological maps and cross-sections.  

In order to acquire a good competence in Geology is essential the geological cartography course, as this provide the skills on how to perform and do the interpretation of geological maps.  Both competences are basic for a geologist and useful for all geological disciplinaries.

On successfully completing this course, students will be (1) able to interpret geological maps of medium complexity and (2) capable to elaborate all the aspects related with field acquisition, interpretation and elaboration of a geological map.

Learning outcomes

  • CM13 (Participate in field geology activities promoting the formation of inclusive teams, without bias on the grounds of gender, origin or cultural identity.) Participate in field geology activities promoting the formation of inclusive teams, without bias on the grounds of gender, origin or cultural identity.
  • CM14 (Carry out a preliminary assessment of the potential for exploitation of geological resources in an area, considering their viability within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.) Carry out a preliminary assessment of the potential for exploitation of geological resources in an area, considering their viability within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.
  • KM15 (Differentiate the functions and applications of the main geological disciplines (stratigraphy, petrology, palaeontology, tectonics, mineralogy, external geodynamics) and understand their relationships through the analysis of practical examples and real cases.) Differentiate the functions and applications of the main geological disciplines (stratigraphy, petrology, palaeontology, tectonics, mineralogy, external geodynamics) and understand their relationships through the analysis of practical examples and real cases.
  • KM16 (Identify the main types of rocks that can be found on the surface and represent them using cartography.) Identify the main types of rocks that can be found on the surface and represent them using cartography.
  • KM17 (Describe the main measurement and representation techniques used in geological cartography.) Describe the main measurement and representation techniques used in geological cartography.
  • SM14 (Apply the basic principles of geology to reconstruct the natural history of an area based on its geological cartography.) Apply the basic principles of geology to reconstruct the natural history of an area based on its geological cartography.
  • SM15 (Use the basic instruments for the exercise of field geology (hammer, magnifying glass, compass with clinometer, Jacobs rod, dilute hydrochloric acid) to identify and represent the local and regional lithological configuration.) Use the basic instruments for the exercise of field geology (hammer, magnifying glass, compass with clinometer, Jacobs rod, dilute hydrochloric acid) to identify and represent the local and regional lithological configuration.

Contents


The course is organised in four practical blocks in classroon and a block of field work:


Block 1 Geometrical problems

  • The geologic map. Map projection systems. Map scale. Geolocalisation on maps and in the field: UTM and geographical coordinates.
  • Determination of a plane's orientation using geometric techniques.
  • Outline of the bed boundaries in surface and subsurface.
  • Folds, faults and unconformities: geometrical methods.
  • Introduction to the stereographic projection.
  • Cross-sections and geological history of ideal geologic maps.


Block 2 Collsacabra

  • Practical interpretation of the geology of the Collsacabra-Tavertet area using topographical map and satellite images.
  • Introduction to digital/network resources and applications (e.g. Google Earth, the ICGC map viewer, the IGME map viewer) and digital cartography tools (QGIS).



Block 3 Vallcebre

  • Geologic fundamentals and interpretation using the aerial photography and stereoscopic techniques.
  • The practical case of the Vallcebre syncline.


Block 4 Geologic Maps

  • Analysis of real geologic maps. Cross-section construction and interpretation of geologic maps. The map difficulty will increase throughout the course.


  • Colorado Canyon (USGS map)
  • Amer Fault (ICGC map)
  • Tragacete (IGME map)
  • Aiguaviva (IGME map)


Block 5 Field work

  • Elaboration of a geological cartography and a technical report of an approximate 3 km2 area in Mora d’Ebre-La Figuera (Tarragona).
  • The contents included in this block are the following,
  • Outline of main geological units using topographic maps, satellite images and aerial photographs.
  • Observation and acquisition of field data to elaborate a geologic map.
  • Elaboration of a technical report including the stratigraphic description of the main units, cross-sections, geologic history and potential economic resources in the zone.
  • Adequate use of the bibliography.

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Reading of specialised lectures, biliography, etc 10 0.4 CM14, KM15, SM14
Theory 2 0.08 KM15, KM17, SM14
Field work 35 1.4 CM13, CM14, KM15, KM16, SM14, SM15
Interpretation and geological cartography using aerial photographies and orthophotomaps 30 1.2 KM16, KM17, SM14
Practical Lab 48 1.92 CM14, KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14
Field work 32.5 1.3 CM13, CM14, KM15, KM16, SM14, SM15
Field work report and geological map 25 1 CM14, KM16, KM17, SM14
Geometrical problems and interpretation of geological maps 55.5 2.22 KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14

The course is designed with a practical approach, with a minimum of theoretical classes. The contact hours are distributed as follows:


  • One 2-hour theoretical session to introduce the basic concepts of cartography and the organization of the course.
  • 48 hours of laboratory practicals, delivered at a rate of two hours per week.
  • 35 hours of fieldwork (distributed over 5 days) supervised by the teaching staff.


In addition, students will be required to complete several supervised assignments throughout the course and undertake 4 days of independent fieldwork, which will complement their training.


The face-to-face practical sessions are organized as follows:


  • 8 sessions in the Geometric Problems block
  • 3 sessions in the Collsacabra block
  • 4 practical and review sessions in the Vallcebre block
  • 7 interpretation sessions in the Geological Maps block
  • 1 theoretical session prior to the field trip
  • 1 follow-up session after the field trip for consultation, interpretation, and completion of the fieldwork assignment.


The fieldwork component consists of the Móra d’Ebre–La Figuera Field Camp (5 days of on-site fieldwork + 4 days of independent fieldwork).


For this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is not allowed except for the fieldwork report. For this assessment, IA is permitted exclusively for support tasks (e.g., literature and information searches, text summarisation, comparison of readings, proofreading, and translation). Students must clearly identify any parts of their work that have been generated using these technologies, specify the tools employed, and include a critical reflection on how these tools influenced both the process and the outcome of the activity.

Failure to disclose the use of AI in an assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or total reduction of the grade for the activity, or, in serious cases, more severe disciplinary measures.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
A3. Vallcebre 15% 0.5 0.02 KM16, KM17, SM14
A1. Geometrical problems 17,5 % 2 0.08 KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14
AR.4 Reassessment of "Geological Maps" block 17.5 0 0 KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14
A4. Geological maps examination 17,5 % 2 0.08 KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14
A5.1 Firld material elaborated and submitted during field trip 20% 1 0.04 CM13, CM14, KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14, SM15
A5.2 Field report and oral examination 20% 6 0.24 CM13, CM14, KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14
A2. Collsacabra 10% 0.5 0.02 KM16, KM17, SM14
AR.5.2. Reassessment of the field report 20 0 0 CM13, CM14, KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14
AR.1 Reassessment of "Geometrical problems" 17.5 0 0 KM15, KM16, KM17, SM14

To achieve the course competencies, it is important that students put in continuous effort. It is essential that students become deeply involved in solving the proposed problems and interpreting geological maps, as both are important goals of the course. For this reason, the course methodology has been designed to promote an autonomous learning environment for students.


A basic aspect of geological cartography is the understanding of geological bodies in three dimensions. It is therefore recommended that the student use both the digital resources available and the recommended bibliography in order to achieve this understanding. Special attention will be paid to the proper and accurate use of language and geological nomenclature by the students.


Normative to nonattendance at supervised activities

All supervised sessions are obligatory.

  • Students will receive a mark of “fail” (i.e. 0) in the assessment of the “Geometrical Problems” block if there are more than two sessions with nonattendance. The same criteria will be applied to the assessment of the “Geological Maps” block. It will be mandatory to send an image (or scan) of the work performed during the in-person practical sessions for both blocks, "Geometrical Problems" and "Geological Maps".
  • Nonattendance at a session of the “Collsacabra” or Vallcebre blocks results in a mark of “fail” (i.e., 0) for this part of the course.
  • The nonattendance on any day of the field trip implies a mark of “fail” in the final grading of the course

Only students who have participated in fewer than 35% of the course's assessment activities may receive a “not assessable” grade. Otherwise, the students will receive a mark in accordance with the “assessment-grading” norms.


Assessment - Grading

The final grading of the course will be done following the next distribution:


A1. Grading of the “Geometrical Problems” Block. The assessment of this part of the course will be done from the weighted sum between the exam (75 %) and the submitted problems during practical sessions (25 %).

A2. Grading of the “Geological Maps” Block. The assessment of this part of the course will be done from the weighted sum between the exam (75 %) and the submitted problems during practical sessions (25 %).

A3. Grading of the “Collsacabra” Block

A4. Grading of the “Vallcebre” Block

A5. The grading of the field work will consist of the following sections.

A5.1 Material elaborated and delivered in the field. During fieldwork, the students will submit a copy of the working field map, and on the last day, they will submit a copy of the final working field map, the sedimentary log, and a cross-section of the studied area. In this section, the students' attitudes during fieldwork will also be considered.

A5.2 Geological report and oral examination. The student will submit a printed copy of the field report before the indicated deadline. The oral examination will consist of answering a series of questions related to the field work and report.


There are only reassessments to the activities if “Geometrical Problems” (AR.1), “Geological Maps” (AR.4) and the field report (AR.5.2). The reassessment of AR.1 and AR.4 will be done through an exam, with a maximum reassessment of the 35% of the final mark of the course.

The reassessment of AR.5.2 will be done through a new submission of the field report, with a maximum reassessment of 25% of the course's final mark.

The students who failed these activities must participate in the reassessment activities. Nonattendance at a reassessment activity will result in failing this part of the course (i.e., A1=0 or A4=0).


The final grading will be done after the reassessment activities. The calculation will be done following the next considerations,

1) Firstly, the average score from the lab blocks (i.e. Geometrical problems, Collsacabra, Vallcebre and Geological maps) will be calculated. This score will be calculated by attending the relative weighting of the different blocks following the next equation,

Q1 = 0,30·A1 + 0,30·A2 + 0,15·A3 + 0,25·A4

2) If Q1 is equal to or larger than 4, then the qualification will be calculated using the next equation,

QF = 0,175·A1 + 0,175·A2 + 0,10·A3 + 0,15·A4 + 0,20·A5.1+ 0,20·A5.2

3) In the case that Q1 is lower than 4, the qualification will be “fail”, and the score will be calculated using the equation,

QF = 0,30·A1 + 0,30·A2 + 0,15·A3 + 0,25·A4


This course do not include single assesment (i.e. avaluació única). The systematic failure to submit continuous assessment activities (i.e., submitting less than 50% of the required coursework) makes it impossible to pass the course.


Plagiarism and Inappropriate Student Conduct

Students who engage in plagiarism (in whole or in part), copying of assignments, misappropriation of other people’s work, unauthorised use of mobile devices, or any other form of academic misconduct during assessed activities will automatically receive a failing grade for the corresponding assessment. Plagiarism is defined as the total or partial reproduction of ideas, texts, data, images, or any other material obtained from a source without proper acknowledgement or referencing, and its presentation as the student’s own original work. Plagiarism constitutes a serious academic offence and may result in disciplinary proceedings. Students are therefore expected to respect intellectual property rights, properly acknowledge all sources of information used, and assume responsibility for the originality and authenticity of all submitted work.


Bibliography

New References

Lisle, R.J., Brabham P. &  Barnes J.W. 2011. Basic Geological Mapping. Wiley-Blackwell, 230 pp.

Kruhl, J. H. 2017. Drawing Geological Structures, Wiley-Blackwell, 232 pp.

 

References

Boulter, C. A. 1989. Four dimensional analysis of geological maps: techniques of interpretation. John Wiley and Sons, 296 pp.

Institut Geològic de Catalunya (Ed.) 2010. Atles Geològic de Catalunya. Barcelona, 462 pp.

Marshak, S. & Mitra, G. (Eds) 1988. Basic methods of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall, Englegood Hills. 446 pp.

Oms, O., Vicens, E. i Obrador, A. (2002) Introducción al mapa Geológico (1): Topografía y Fundamentos. Monografías de Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra. Serie Cuadernos Didácticos, número 2.

Pozo, M., González, J. I Giner, J. (2004) Geología Práctica. Introdución al reconocimiento de Materiales y Análisis de Mapas. Pearson-Prentice Hall, paginas?.

Ragan, D.M. 1980. Geología Estructural: Introducción a las técnicas geométricas. Omega. Barcelona. 207 pp.

Reynolds, S. et al., 2010. Exploring Geology. Mc Graw-Hill, 578 pp. 

Weijermars, R. 1997. Structural Geology and Map Interpretation.. Alboran Science Publications. Amsterdam. 378 pp.

Strahler, A. N., 1981. Geografía Física. Ediciones Omega, Barcelona, 767 pp.

Software

Google Earth, QGIS

Clino Field Move, Field Move (App smartphone)

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 1 Catalan annual morning-mixed
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 1 Catalan/Spanish annual morning-mixed
(PCAM) Field practices 1 Catalan annual morning-mixed
(PCAMs) Suport a les pràctiques de camp dirigides 1 Catalan annual morning-mixed
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 2 Catalan/Spanish annual morning-mixed
(PCAM) Field practices 2 Catalan annual morning-mixed
(PCAMs) Suport a les pràctiques de camp dirigides 2 Catalan annual morning-mixed