Logo

Animal Physiology: Systems

Code: 100993
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Microbiology OP 4

Contact lecturer

Name :
Mercè Giralt Carbonell
Email :
merce.giralt@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Francisco Javier Carrasco Trancoso

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

It is advisable that the student has attained basic skills and knowledge on the structure and organization of animal organisms and their cellular systems.

It is important that the student has acquired the basic skills and knowledge of the subject Histology and Biochemistry

Objectives

The general objectives of the course are:

    Learn the basics of physiology of different functional systems of the organism animal.
    Acquire a comprehensive and integrated interrelationships of the various body systems.
    Integrate the knowledge of the physiology acquired in other core subjects that deal with the structure and cellular and molecular aspects of the organism to obtain an overview of the functioning of the animal body.
    To train students to apply knowledge in physiological deduction of the consequences of pathological changes in the body.

Learning outcomes

  • CM19 (Propose methods and procedures within the field of biochemistry, physiology and biotechnology to provide innovative responses to the needs and demands of society, and valuing their social, economic and environmental impact.) Propose methods and procedures within the field of biochemistry, physiology and biotechnology to provide innovative responses to the needs and demands of society, and valuing their social, economic and environmental impact.
  • CM20 (Integrate knowledge of biology and biochemistry to develop an academic and professional work, and its presentation in writing or orally and publicly, working individually and in teams.) Integrate knowledge of biology and biochemistry to develop an academic and professional work, and its presentation in writing or orally and publicly, working individually and in teams.
  • KM30 (Describe in a complete and integrated way the functions and mechanisms of regulation of functional systems in living organisms.) Describe in a complete and integrated way the functions and mechanisms of regulation of functional systems in living organisms.
  • SM29 (Interpret biochemical and physiological parameters used for screening, diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of different pathologies or pharmacological studies.) Interpret biochemical and physiological parameters used for screening, diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of different pathologies or pharmacological studies.

Contents

 THEORETICAL PROGRAM
1.- Introduction to Animal Physiology
- Basic principles of physiology. Internal environment. Liquid compartments and composition.
Transport across the plasma membrane. Homeostasis. Feedback mechanisms. Intercellular communication.
2.- Excitability and excitable cells
- Excitable cells and the concept of excitability.
2.a.- The neuron: electrical activity in neurons: ion channels. Ionic bases of resting membrane potential and action potentials.
- Nerve conduction.
2.b.- Muscle physiology:
- Skeletal striated muscle
- Heart muscle
- Visceral smooth muscle
3.- Nervous system
3.a.- Anatomical organization of the nervous system:
- Neurons and glia
- Synapses. Synaptic integration.
- Basic concepts of neurochemistry. Neurotransmission.
- Protective structures of the nervous system
- Anatomy of the central nervous system.
3.b.- Sensory Physiology:
3.b.1.- Sensory receptors. Concept. Type. Transduction mechanisms.
3.b.2.- Somatosensory receptors. Touch and pressure. Thermoreception. Nociception. Somatosensory information processing pathways.
3.b.3.- Special senses:
- Chemoreception: smell and taste.
- The human eye: photoreception
- The human ear: hearing and balance. The cochlea (Corti's organ) and the vestibular apparatus.
3.c.- Motor nervous system
3.c.1.- Visceral motor system (vegetative): Sympathetic and parasympathetic
3.c.2.- Somatic motor system
- Spinal cord organization. Sensory organs of the muscle and spinal cord reflexes.
- Supramedullary organization. Role of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia
3.d.- CNS activation states
- The reticular system. Wakefulness and sleep. Electroencephalogram.
4.Endocrine system
- Introduction to the endocrine system. Main glands and hormones.
- The pituitary gland: Neurohypophysis. Intermediate Part. Adenohypophysis. Hypothalamic control of pituitary function.
- Pancreatic hormones. Insulin and Glucagon.
- The thyroid gland. Synthesis, function and regulation of thyroid hormones.
- The metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Parahormone, Vitamin D and calcitonin.
- Adrenal gland: Adrenocortical tissue: Glucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoids. Chromafin tissue: Catecholamines
5.- Reproduction
- Testicular function. Control of male reproductive functions
- Ovarian function. The ovarian cycle. Reproductive control in the female.
6.- Circulatory system
- Elements of blood forms. Hemostasis.
- Concepts of hemodynamics. Functional organization of the circulatory system.
- Functional structure of the heart: electrical and mechanical events during the cardiac cycle. Electrocardiogram.
- Arterial and venous circulation. Blood pressure. Hair exchange.
- Control of the cardiovascular system.
- Lymphatic system
7.- Respiratory physiology
- Functional anatomy of the respiratory system. The lung of mammals. Functional structure. Gas exchange.
- Regulation of respiration in mammals.
8.- Renal physiology
- The mammalian kidney. Functional anatomy. Processes involved in the formation of urine. Formation of concentrated and diluted urine. Regulation of renal function.
9.- Digestive system
- Anatomy and function of the digestive system in mammals. Gastrointestinal Regulatory Systems: Enteric Nervous System
- Mouth and esophagus: salivary secretion and swallowing
- Stomach
- Small intestine: Pancreatic secretion. Bile secretion. Chemical digestion. Absorption. Enterohepatic circulation
- Large intestine: chemical and mechanical digestion. Absorption. Formation of fecal matter. Defecation
10.- Body temperature control

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
preparation of seminars 6 0.24 CM19, CM20, KM30, SM29
seminars 6 0.24 CM19, CM20, KM30, SM29
Theoretical lectures 39 1.56 CM19, CM20, KM30, SM29
study 66 2.64 CM19, CM20, KM30, SM29
preparation of works 19 0.76 CM19, CM20, KM30, SM29

Methodology

Theoretical lectures:

Traditional lectures on the contents of the theoretical program imparted by the professor with the support of images obtained mainly from the bibliography that is recommended to the student.

Seminars:

The student works in small groups.

1.-SEMINARS OF CASES AND PROBLEMS (3 hours): discussion and resolution of practical cases and problems

2.-SEMINARS OF THEMES (3 + 3 hours): Students prepare a topic chosen by them, from the list of topics proposed by the teacher.  The students will present a written summary (maximum 2 sheets) and at the end, an oral presentation (maximum 15 minutes).

All the students of the group must participate in the written and oral presentation.

 

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Teoria 75% 8 0.32 CM19, CM20, KM30, SM29
seminaris 25% 6 0.24 CM20, KM30

Evaluation

According to current regulations, the continuous evaluation process must include a minimum of three evaluation activities, of two different types, distributed throughout the course, none of which can represent more than 50% of the final grade.

In this subject, the assessment includes 5 assessment activities: three theoretical and two seminars and 3 typologies: written tests, work assignments and oral defense of the work. Below we will detail this evaluation process.

1.- Evaluation of the theory: 75% of the final grade

The theoretical knowledge will be evaluated by means of three partial exams: The value of each partial proportional to the amount of matter evaluated.

1.1.- Theoretical exams: partial: Will be multiple-choice examination, of 4 possible answers, a single correct answer.

To pass by partial the minimum mark of each partial will have to be ≥ of 4.3 and the final grade of theory after making the half between the three partials (proportional according to the subject) will have to be ≥ 5. Otherwise, there will be to go to recovery of the suspended partials. If partials svcore exceed 4.3 but do not reach 5 score, the student can choose the partials to recover.

1.2.- Theoretical test: Recovery: To participate in the recovery, the students must have been previously evaluated in a set of activities whose weight equals to a minimum of two thirds of the total qualification of the student. Therefore, students will obtain the \"Non-gravable\" qualification when the assessment activities carried out have a weighting of less than 67% in the final grade.

There is a recovery test for each partial suspended. The recovery exam, consists of 2-4 short questions to be developed and 10-14 true or false and reason the answer.

1.3.- Theoretical test: To improve the final grade: There is the possibility of a special exam to improve the final grade. The exam is of all theoretical course (you cannot exam of only one of the two partial) the same day of the recovery.

2.- Evaluation of the seminars: 25% of the final grade (problems 10% - subjects 15%)

In the seminars students work in groups (4-5) that are organized at the beginning of the course.

2.1.-Case and problem seminars. They will be two: one half-semester and the other at the end. Written tests

2.2.- Seminars of subjects: (3 + 3)

A: delivery of written report: summary of a chosen subject (5%)

B: Oral defense of the work (5%)

C: Written exam on all seminars presented in the current course (5%) with multiple-choice examination (one question per seminar)

The seminars will not be recoverable.

3. Single evaluation: consists of a THEORY Exam. Seminars are valued in the same way as continuous evaluation.

Evaluation of the theory: a single test in which the contents of the entire theory program of the subject will be evaluated. The test will consist of multiple-choice questions (80%), and a topic question to be developed (20%). The grade obtained in this synthesis test will represent 75% of the final grade of the subject.

4. General considerations on evaluation: In the preparation of the seminar part by topic, a restricted use of Artificial Intelligence(AI) is allowed exclusively in: support tasks, such as bibliographic or information search, and text correction or translations. The students will have to clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how they have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. Failure to be transparent about the use of AI in this assessable activity will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may result in a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater penalties in cases of seriousness.

5.The performance of any irregularity in an assessment act (academic fraud, plagiarism or improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorized in the teaching guide), which may lead to a significant variation in the grade, means that this act will be graded with a 0. If the teaching guide provides that to pass the subject it is an essential requirement to have obtained a minimum grade in this evaluation act or that there are several irregularities in the evaluation acts of the same subject, the final grade of this subject is 0. A disciplinary process may be initiated against a student who commits any of these irregularities.

Bibliography

- Barrett, Kim E. & J. Yuan, Jason X. & Brooks, Heddwen L. & Barman, Susan M. (2025).

Ganong. Fisiología médica : Examen & revisión / Kim E. Barrett, Susan M. Barman,

Heddwen L. Brooks, Jason X.-J. Yuan.. (2nd ed.) McGraw-Hill

Disponible en línia

- Fernández-Tresguerres, Jesús A. [i altres]. (2020). Fisiología humana. (5th ed.) McGraw-Hill Education LLC

Disponible en línia

- Fox, Stuart Ira. (2023). Fisiología humana . (15th ed.) McGraw-Hill Education LLC

Disponible en línia

- Hall, John E. (2026). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. (15th ed.) Elsevier

Disponible en paper a la biblioteca

- Levy, Matthew N. & Stanton, Bruce A. & Koeppen, Bruce M. (2018). Berne y Levy fisiología. (7ª ed.) Elsevier

Disponible en paper a la biblioteca

- Martín Cuenca, E. (2006). Fundamentos de fisiología. International Thomson

Disponible en paper a la biblioteca

- Pocock, Gillian & Richards, David A. & Richards, Christopher D. (2018). Human

physiology. (5th ed.) Oxford University Press

Disponible en paper a la biblioteca

- Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub. (2014). Fisiología humana : un enfoque integrado. (6ª ed.)

Médica Panamericana

Disponible en línia

- Swiatecka-Urban, Agnieszka [i altres]. (2024). Berne y Levy fisiología. (8ª ed.) Elsevier

Disponible en línia

- Tortora, Gerard J. & Derrickson, Bryan. (2018). Principios de anatomía y fisiología. (15ª ed.) Editorial Médica Panamericana

Disponible en línia

- Tortora, Gerard J. & Derrickson, Bryan. (2023). Principles of anatomy and physiology. (16th ed.) Wiley

Disponible en paper a la biblioteca

- Widmaier, Eric P. & Strang, Kevin T. & Raff, Hershel. (2023). Vander's human physiology : the mechanisms of body function. (16th ed.) McGraw-Hill Education

Disponible en paper a la biblioteca

- Yuan, Jason X. J. & Brooks, Heddwen L. & Barman, Susan M. & Barrett, Kim E. (2025).

Ganong. Fisiología médica. (27ª ed.) McGraw-Hill

Disponible en línia

Software

No software is used for the development of this subject 

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE