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Animal and Plant Biology

Code: 100946
Credits: 3
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Biotechnology OB 1

Contact lecturer

Name :
Ester Carreras Colom
Email :
ester.carreras.colom@uab.cat

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

There are no official prerequisites, but it is advisable for the student to review the contents related to zoology and botany of the Biology subject of the baccalaureate.

Objectives

Throughout this course, the students must acquire the knowledge that gives them a vision as complete as possible of the zoological and botanical bases and of the diversity of animals, plants and fungi from an anatomical, functional, systematic and phylogenetic perspective. It should also allow them to place each group in an ecological context, in relation to the number of species, habitat and way of life, position within the ecosystems as well as their importance in relation to their interest in applied sciences.

The specific training objectives are:

- Introduce the students to the main structuring concepts of the sciences of zoology and botany.

- Understand the systematics and phylogenetic relationships between the main groups of organisms as a result of evolutionary and adaptive processes.

- Know the main levels of organization and architectural patterns of organisms.

- Acquire basic knowledge about morphological features, biological cycles, ecological importance, and especially the biotechnological importance of the main groups of organisms.

Learning outcomes

  • CM01 (Integrate the function and regulation mechanisms of the cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, digestive, endocrine and male and female reproductive systems.) Integrate the function and regulation mechanisms of the cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, digestive, endocrine and male and female reproductive systems.
  • CM02 (Assess sex/gender inequalities at experimental level in the fields of human physiology and genetics.) Assess sex/gender inequalities at experimental level in the fields of human physiology and genetics.
  • CM03 (Work collaboratively in teams to solve problems and case studies in the field of biology.) Work collaboratively in teams to solve problems and case studies in the field of biology.
  • KM01 (Describe the physiological basis of the organisation and functioning of living organisms.) Describe the physiological basis of the organisation and functioning of living organisms.
  • KM03 (Recognise the differentiating elements between animals and plants, both from the cellular point of view and from the point of view of their physiology and functioning.) Recognise the differentiating elements between animals and plants, both from the cellular point of view and from the point of view of their physiology and functioning.
  • SM01 (Analyse the behaviour of biological systems from an integrated perspective.) Analyse the behaviour of biological systems from an integrated perspective.
  • SM03 (Relate relevant scientific data in different areas of biology.) Relate relevant scientific data in different areas of biology.

Contents

PLANT BIOLOGY


Origin and phylogeny. Origin and classification of living beings. Groups of organisms studied within Animal and Plant Biology.

Classification systems. Taxonomy. Systematics. Taxonomic units. Classification. Species concept. Nomenclature rules.

Reproduction and cycles in the plant world. Asexual reproduction. Spores. Sexual reproduction, gametes, gametangi and types of gammy.

Algae. The main groups of algae. The endosymbiotic origin, its ecology and its morphology. The origin of the chloroplast. Phytoplankton, primary production and blooms (algal toxins).

Heteroconts. General characteristics, criteria of classification and diversity.

The rhodophyta. General characteristics, criteria of classification and diversity. Uses and applications.

The fungi. Origin and phylogenetic situation of fungi. Main groups. Biotechnological importance of fungi. The symbiosis of fungi and its importance in terrestrial ecosystems.

Green plants. The lineage of the higher plants. Chlorophytes and their evolution towards green plants. Bryophytes, ferns, reproduction and ecology. The colonization of terrestrial plants, mechanisms and adaptations. Operation of the corm.

Flowering plants. Origin, reproductive biology and reproductive cycle. Groups of flowering plants. Groups of economic interest and groups that make up the landscape.

Gymnosperms. General characteristics. Description, ecology, geographical distribution and uses of the species of greatest interest.

Angiosperms. General characteristics. Diversity, description, ecology, geographical distribution and uses of the species of greatest interest.


ANIMAL BIOLOGY


Generalities of animals. Zoology as a science. Animal concept. Animal diversity. Basic principles of Zoology. Sorting of animals. Levels of animal organization. Archetype and general plans of animal organization. Types of symmetries.

Animal reproduction and development. Types of asexual and sexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis. Adaptive meaning of the different reproductive modes. Animal development. Ontogeny. Segmentation. Gastrulation. Formation of mesoderm. Organogenesis. Direct and indirect development. Larves and Metamorphosis.

Sponges. General characteristics. Cell organization. Structural types. Representative groups. Functional adaptations to the aquatic environment.

Cnidaria. General characteristics. Cellular elements. Representative groups. Biological cycles.

Bilaterals. Protostomes. Lophotrocozoa. Platihelmints. Basic characters. Adaptations of different groups to parasitism. Biological cycles of species with parasitic importance.

Annelids. Basic characteristics of the annelids. Main groups and adaptations to the different habitats.

Molluscs. Basic characteristics of the group. Main groups and their adaptations to the different habitats.

Protostomes. Ecdysozoa. Nematodes. General characteristics. Arthropods. General characteristics. Structure and importance of the cuticle. Tagmosis. General characteristics of the different arthropod groups and their environmental adaptations.

Deuterostomes. Echinoderms. Basic characteristics. Chordates. Exclusive chordate traits. Vertebrates. Diversity and environmental adaptations.

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Lectures 24 0.96 CM01, KM01, KM03
Tutorials 3 0.12
Preparation and resolution of questions 10 0.4 CM03, SM01, SM03
Study 24 0.96 CM01, KM03, SM01, SM03
Text reading 4 0.16 CM01, CM02, SM01, SM03

The methodology used in this subject to achieve the learning process is based on making the student work with the information made avaiable to them. The teacher's role is to give the information or indicate where it can be obtained and to assist and tutor the student so that the learning process can be carried out effectively.

To achieve this goal, the subject is based on the following activities:

Lectures:

The content of the theory program will be mainly delivered in theoretical classes with the support of presentations, videos, and animations related to the topics covered in class. Through these expository classes, the students acquire the basic scientific-technical knowledge of the subject, which must be complemented by personal study of the explained topics. The visual aids used in class will be available on the Virtual Campus.

Question resolution:

Students, individually or in groups, must independently solve a series of questions or activities proposed by the teachers through the Virtual Campus. The objective of these activities is to complete and reinforce the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes as well as to stimulate empirical skills such as reflection, analysis, and integration of zoological diversity.

Tutorials:

The objective of these sessions is to resolve doubts, clarify basic concepts, and provide guidance on the sources consulted. Likewise, these tutorials provide guidance in the resolution of questions proposed by the teachers.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Partial exam of plant biology 40 2 0.08 KM01, KM03, SM01
Partial exam of animal biology 40 2 0.08 CM01, KM01, KM03, SM01
Evaluation of resolved questions 20 6 0.24 CM02, CM03, SM01, SM03

Assessment in this course is carried out throughout the semester and consists of the following assessment activities:


Mid-term examinations:

These examinations assess students' individual acquisition of the course learning outcomes, as well as their analytical, synthesis and critical thinking skills. Two mid-term examinations will be held, each covering a different part of the syllabus: one on Plant Biology and the other on Animal Biology. Together, the two mid-term examinations account for 80% of the final course grade (40% each).


Assessment activities:

This component assesses, individually or in groups, students' responses to the questions and problems proposed by the teaching staff. These assessment activities account for 20% of the final course grade, of which 10% corresponds to the Plant Biology component and 10% to the Animal Biology component.

In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies will be permitted exclusively for support tasks, such as literature or information searches, text editing, and translation, within the context of the assessment activities. Students must clearly identify any content generated using AI, specify the tools employed, and include a critical reflection on how these tools influenced both the process and the final outcome of the activity. Failure to disclose the use of AI in any of these assessment activities will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or full penalty in the assessment grade.


Final grade and reassessment:

To pass the course, students must obtain a final grade of at least 5.0 out of 10, with a minimum grade of 4.5 out of 10 in each of the two mid-term examinations. Students who do not achieve the minimum passing grade may take the reassessment examination for one or both mid-term examinations, as appropriate. In the reassessment examination, students must obtain a minimum grade of 4.0 in each reassessed component in order for it to be averaged with the remaining course grades.

Students wishing to improve the grade obtained in one or both mid-term examinations may also sit the final examination. By taking the final examination, students waive the grade previously obtained for the corresponding component.

To be eligible for reassessment, students must previously have been assessed in activities whose combined weighting represents at least two thirds of the total course grade.


Not assessable:

Students will receive a NOT ASSESSABLE grade if the assessment activities completed account for less than 67% of the final course grade.


Single assessment:

The single assessment will consist of a comprehensive examination covering the entire theoretical syllabus (80% of the final course grade), together with the submission of the assessment activities corresponding to the Plant Biology and Animal Biology components (10% of the final course grade each).

The single assessment will take place on the date scheduled for the final examination, with the right to a reassessment examination where applicable.

The same NOT ASSESSABLE criterion will apply as in the continuous assessment system.

Bibliography

  • ALTABA, C. et al. 1991. Invertebrats no artròpodes. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 8. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • ARMENGOL, J. et al. 1986. Artròpodes (I). Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 9. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • BARNES, R.S.K. et al. 2001. The Invertebrates: a synthesis. Ed. Blacwell Science. Third edition. (disponible en format electrònic)
  • BLAS, M. et al. 1987. Artròpodes (II). Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 10. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • BOLD, H.C. et al. 1988. Morfología de las plantas y los hongos. Omega.
  • BRUSCA RC, et al (2022). Invertebrates. 4th ed. Ed. Oxford University Press
  • FERRER, X et al. Ocells. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 12. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • FOLCH, R. et al. 1984. Vegetació. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 7. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • FONT i QUER, P. 1963. Diccionario de Botánica. Labor.
  • HICKMAN CP, et al (2020).Integrated Principles of Zoology. 18th ed. Ed. McGraw-Hill.
  • Digital version: https://bibcercador.uab.cat/permalink/34CSUC_UAB/1eqfv2p/alma991010766125406709
  • IZCO, J. et al. 2004. Botánica. McGraw-Hill-Interamericana. 2a ed. (disponible en format electrònic)
  • LLIMONA, X. (ed.) 1985. Plantes inferiors. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 4. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • LLIMONA, X. (ed.) 1991. Fongs i líquens. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 5. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • MASALLES, R.M. et al. (eds.) 1988. Plantes superiors. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 6. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • MAUSETH, J. D. 2017. Botany. An Introductionto Plant Biology. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 6th ed.
  • SOSTOA, A. et al. Peixos. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 11. Enciclopèdia Catalana.
  • STRASBURGER, E. et al. 2004. Tratado de Botànica. Omega. 9a ed.
  • VIVES, J. et al. Amfibis, rèptils i mamífers. Història Natural dels Països Catalans. Vol. 13. Enciclopèdia Catalana.


Links:

  • Animal Diversity Web: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/
  • Adena/World Wildlife Found: http://www.wwf.es/
  • Tree of life web project: http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
  • Understanding evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_01
  • Comissió Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoològica: http://www.iczn.org/
  • Curs de Botànica de la Universitat d’Extremadura: http://www.unex.es/botanica/LHB
  • Museu Nacional de Ciències Naturals de Madrid (CSIC): http://www.mncn.csic.es/
  • Natural History Museum, Londres: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/

Software

No specific software is used in this subject.

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 41 Catalan second semester afternoon