Applied Mycology
Code: 100826Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Biology | OP | 4 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Laia Guardia Valle
- Email :
- laia.guardia@uab.cat
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
This subject is complementary to the subject of Mycology, and deals with its most applied aspect. Therefore, it is requested to do a previous review to follow the subject correctly.
We may also refer to botanical issues, which is why it is interesting to keep this matter in mind.
In order to be able to attend the practices, the student must justify having passed the biosafety and security tests that he will find on the Virtual Campus and be
knowledgeable and accept the operating regulations of the Bioscience Laboratories
Objectives
Objectives and contextualization
The subject of applied myology must be understood as complementary to the subject of Mycology (3rd year). The constant references that are made to groups and fungal species require a mycological basis that facilitates the understanding of the syllabus. We will develop several aspects of fungal biotechnology, a very wide and varied field, and with numerous interconnections that often hamper the thematic partition. The proposed objectives are:
1.- Understand the importance of fungi in natural ecological systems as well as in the development and economics of human civilization, in the various industries in which they participate.
2.- To interpret the role of various fungi (especially lichen) in the biomonitoring of environmental quality (fungi as bioindicators)
3.- Understand fungal biotechnological processes in different industries and applications.
4.- To appreciate the importance of fungi as a source of alternative resources, bioremediation processes, agricultural and forestry improvement, and new sources of renewable energy.
5.- Understand / visualize the diversity of fungal pathological processes, both from the animal and human and vegetable aspects.
6.- Obtain the bases to develop systems of biocontrol with fungal agents.
7.- To capture the need for basic and applied mycology studies to allow the development of various applied disciplines, especially biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and forestry sciences.
8.- Obtain a global vision of fungi, from the perspective of its "destructive" role as from its "creator" role.
Learning outcomes
- Develop analysis and synthesis skills.
- Apply knowledge of theory to practice.
- Apply knowledge of the biology and distribution of certain species of fungi, such as the lichens, in order to use them as bioindicators of contamination and other environmental impacts.
- Identify and treat the principal diseases caused by fungi: their symptoms and the corresponding biological cycles.
- Apply the metabolic processes of fungi in industry.
- Recognise and apply techniques for the biological control of pests and populations, making use of fungi.
- Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
Contents
Contents
The subject is structured in 6 blogs and 19 topics:
I-. Introduction.
1-. Fungi in the Biosphere
II-. Fungi in environmental biotechnology
2- Biodeterioration
Concepts: biodegradation, biodeterioration and bioremediation. Biodeterometer of inorganic and organic compounds (paper, paint, leather, glass, polystyrene, cables, tubes, etc.). Responsible
Biodeterioration of wood. Composition of wood. White rot (rot) or fibrous rot and brown (rot) or cubic rot. Dry rot (dry-rot) and wet rot (wet-rot). Responsible Chromogenic fungi.
3- Bioremediation
Introduction. Concepts
Degradation of lignin by \"white-rot\" fungi and its implications for bioremediation. What are phenols? Enzymatic equipment of ligninolytic fungi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Degradation of organic pollutants. Use in the paper industry. The Kraft process and the alternatives. Biopulping. Biobleaching. Burglary of heavy metals.
II-. Fungi in agricultural and forestry systems
4- Phytopathology: fungi as phytopathogenic agents.
Introduction. Concepts The science of Phytopathology. A bit of history.
Parasitism and pathogenicity. The cycle of the disease or the pathogenesis. Inoculation Preperetration. Gene-to-gene hypothesis. Penetration
Infection. Dissemination. Survival during winter (overwintering) or during the summer (oversummering) of pathogens. Defenses of plants. Control of diseases.
Phytopathogenic fungi. Isolation Classification of mycosis.
5- Biological control: fungi as agents of biological control
Concepts Problems of Biocontrol. Advantages and disadvantages of fungi such as BCA. The Entomopathogen Fungi. Herbicides fungus. Fungi fungi.
6- Mutual Mushrooms: Endophytes and Mycorrhizae in agricultural and forestry systems. Introduction to mutualist fungi.
The Endophytes Mushrooms. Chemical synthesizers within the plants. Aspects of agricultural and livestock interest.
The Mycorrhiza. Definition and interest. Types of mycorrhiza. Plants without mycorrhiza.
Uses and applications of mycorrhizas.
7.- Lichens as bioindicators of environmental quality and other applications
Characteristics of symbiosis. Indicators of atmospheric quality. As a source of food Producers of secondary metabolites. Other applications.
IV-. Fungi and food biotechnology
8- Introduction.
Definition Types of fermentations. History Applications
9-. Production of alcoholic beverages and the bread industry
Wine industry (wine and cava). Beer industry. Other alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic fermentation of milk: kefir.
10-. Alcoholic fermentation in the cocoa and coffee industry
11-. Lactic fermentation Cheese industry
12-. Koji fermentation.
Oriental products. Sake. Shoyu. Tempeh. Tofu Miso.
13-. Mycophagia The cultivation of mushrooms. Medicinal mushrooms
Mycophyllia and Mycofobia. \"The Hunters of Mushrooms\".
Cultivation of Mushrooms. Examples. How to grow mushrooms. Cultivation of mushroom and shiitake. Medical use of mushrooms.
V.- Mushrooms as producers of metabolites of interest in the food and drug industry
14-. Primary metabolites. Definitions of primary and secondary metabolites. Alcohols. Organic acids. Vitamins. Carotenoids. Polysaccharides
15-. Secondary metabolites. Antibiotics Non-β-lactam antibiotics. Immunosupressors. Hypercholesterolemia. Antitumorals. Antidiabetic
VI-. Medical mycology
Diseases produced by fungi. Poisoning. Allergy. Mycosis
16-. Poisons: Mythologies:
Poisoning for the consumption of mushrooms. Classification of mushroom poisoning: shortincubation and long incubation.
17-. Mycotoxicosis:
Introduction. The origin of mycotoxins: the biodeterioration of food. The people in charge Prevention of fungal growth. Raw and prepared foods.
Notable toxins: ergotism, aflatoxins, ocratoxins, tricotecens, fumonisines, etc.
18-. Fungi and allergy. The Micosis. Superficial mycosis Cutaneous mycosis Subcutaneous mycosis. Deep mycosis.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit in a related organism/ industry | 5 | 0.2 | 1, 2, 5 |
| Seminars | 8 | 0.32 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
| Laboratory sessions | 9 | 0.36 | 2, 3, 4, 6 |
| Personal work (includes: study, group work, bibliographic research, participation in the forum, etc.) | 89 | 3.56 | 1, 2 |
| Theory | 30 | 1.2 | 3, 4, 5, 6 |
| Personal work, interactive tools, forum | 6 | 0.24 | 1 |
The subject will be evaluated based on the grades obtained in the two eliminatory partial examinations (with recovery), in the seminars, and in the practices, as detailed below:
-1st PARTIAL EXAM. Assesses the corresponding theoretical part by means of an eliminatory test, with multiple-choice and/or short-answer questions. A minimum score of 5 is needed to pass. This partial represents 30% of the total subject grade.
-2nd PARTIAL EXAM. Assesses the corresponding theoretical part by means of an eliminatory test, with multiple-choice and/or short-answer questions. A minimum score of 5 is needed to pass. This partial represents 30% of the total subject grade.
-RECOVERY EXAM. Only those who need to recover one or two partial exams will have to take it. It will have the same structure as the partial examinations and will have the same weight (30% each block). It will be necessary to pass each partial with a minimum of 5 to be able to pass the subject. No compensation allowed.
To participate in the recovery, students must have been previously evaluated in a set of activities whose weight equals a minimum of two-thirds of the student's total qualification, subject, or module.
-SEMINARS. The evaluation of the seminars will count for 20% of the final grade.
-PRACTICAL SESSIONS. Attendance is mandatory. During the course of the practices, a continuous assessment of the student will be carried out, taking into account attitude (max. 10% of the grade) and progress. Student progress will be assessed through the delivery of a report at the end of the course (70% of the grade).
Visit to a related industry. At the end of the field trip, a test will be conducted to evaluate the students (20%).
The whole practice block will count for 20% of the final mark.
It is necessary to pass each of the blocks (theory, seminars, and practices) with a minimum of 5 to be able to compensate.
A student will receive the 'non-evaluable' qualification when the assessment activities carried out have a weighting of less than 67% in the final qualification.
NOTE: For this subject, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively for support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction, or translations, within the seminar activities. The student must clearly identify which parts have been generated using this technology, specify the tools employed, and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final outcome of the activity. Non-transparency in the use of AI in this evaluable activity will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or major sanctions in serious cases.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory sessions | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 |
| 2nd part Theory | 30 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 1, 3, 5 |
| 1rst Part Theory | 30 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 |
| Seminars | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 |
CONTINUOUS EVALUATION
The subject will be evaluated based on the notes obtained in the two eliminatory partial examinations (with recovery), in the seminars and in the practices, as detailed below:
1) 1st PART EXAM. Assess the corresponding theoretical part by means of an eliminatory test, with questions of type test and / or short answer.
A minimum score of 5 is nedded to pass. This partial represents 30% of the total subject score
2) 2nd PART EXAM. Assess the corresponding theoretical part by means of an eliminatory test, with questions of type test and / or short answer.
A minimum score of 5 is nedded to pass. This partial represents 30% of the total subject scoreubject.
3) RECOVERY EXAM. Only those who have to recover one or two partial exams will have to submit it. It will have the same structure as the partial examinations and will have the same weight (30% each block). It will be necessary to approve each partial with a minimum of 5 to be able to pass the subject. No compensation
To participate in the recovery, the students must have been previously evaluated in a set of activities whose weight equals to a minimum of two thirds of the total qualification of the student, subject or module.
4) SEMINARS. The evaluation of the seminars will count 20% of the final Note. The defense of the oral presentation will be evaluated (85%), and the preliminary work (15%)
5) PRACTICAL SESSIONS. The assistance is obligatory. During the course of the practices, a continuous assessment of the student will be carried out, taking into account the attitude (max 10% of the score) and the progress. The sudent progress will be assessed through the delivery of a report at the end of the course (70% 0f the score).
Visit to a related-indusrty. At the end of the exit a test will be done to evaluate the sudents (20%).
The whole practice block will count 20% of the final mark.
It is necessary to overcome each of theblocks (theory, seminars and practices) with aminimum of 5 to be able to compensate.
A student will receive the non-evaluble qualification when the assessment activities carried out have a weighting of less than 67% in the final qualification \".
UNIQUE EVALUATION
Only the Theory part will be subject to the possibility of Unique Evaluation. There will be a single theoretical exam (test with the possibility of short questions) on the same day scheduled for the last evaluation activity (2nd partial date). It will represeunt 60% of the final mark. Recovery will take place on the same scheduled day as in the case of continuous assessment. A minimum of 5 is needed to pass the theoretical part.
The seminars and practices will be carried out in the same way as in the case of continuous evaluation.
IMPORTANT: Engaging in any irregularity during an assessment activity (academic fraud, plagiarism, or misuse of AI, unless such use is expressly authorized in the teaching guide) that could lead to a significant variation in the grade implies that this activity will be graded with a 0. In the event that the teaching guide stipulates that obtaining a minimum grade in this assessment activity is an essential requirement to pass the subject, or if multiple irregularities occur within the assessment activities of the same subject, the final grade for this subject will be 0. Aside from this, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.
Bibliography
AGRIOS, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology. 5th ed. Elsevier. Academic Press.
ALEXOPOULOS, C.J., MIMS C.W. & BLACKWELL, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.
ARORA, D.K. (ed.) (2004). Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology. 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, Basel.
ARORA, D.K., ELANDER, R.P. & MUKERJI, K.G. (eds.) (1992). Handbook of Applied Mycology. Vol. 4 Fungal Biotechnology. Marcel Dekker, INC. New York.
ESSER, K. & LEMKE, P.A. (eds.) (1994-2006). The Mycota. A comprehensive treatise on fungi as experimental systems for basic and applied research. Vols. I-XIII. Springer Verlag. Berlin.
HARLEY, J.L. & SMITH, S.E. (1984). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. 2nd. print. Academic Press.
HOOG de, G.S., GUARRO, J., GENE, J. & FIGUERAS, M.J. (2004). Atlas of Clinical Fungi. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures/ Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Baarn/Reus. VersióCD 2004.11. T. Weniger (ed.), Computer Science II, Univ. of Würzburg. Germany.
KENDRICK, B. (2000). The Fifth Kingdom. 3rd. ed. Focus Information Group Inc. Newburyport.
KIRK, P.M., CANNON, P.F., MINTER, D.W. & STALPERS, J.A. (eds.) (2008). Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. CABI Publ.Wallingford.
LLÁCER, G., LÓPEZ, M.M., TRAPERO, A. & BELLO, A. (1996). Patología Vegetal, Tomo II. Phytoma, Mundi-Prensa. Madrid.
LLIMONA, X. (ed.) (1991). Els fongs i els líquens. Història Natural Països Catalans. vol. 5. Enciclopèdia Catalana. Barcelona.
MOORE, D., ROBSON, G.D., TRINCI, A.P.J. (2011). 21st Century Guidebook to fungi. Cambridge University Press.
MOORE-LANDECKER, E. (1996). Fundamentals of the fungi. 4rd. ed. Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
PITT, J.I. & HOCKING, A.D. (1999). Fungi and Food Spoilage. 2nd ed. AspenPub. Gaithersburg.
RICHARDSON, M.D. & WARNOCK, D.W. (2003). Fungal Infection. Diagnosis and Management. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. USA.
SAMSON, R.A., HOEKSTRA, E.S., FRISVAD, J.C. & FILTENBORG, O. (2002). Introduction to food- and airborne fungi. 6th ed. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Utrecht. Netherland.
SCHENCK, N.C. (ed.) (1982). Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research. American Phytopathological Society. USA.
SMITH, S.E. & READ, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. Elsevier & Academic Press. USA.
WAINWRIGHT, M. (1995). Introducción a la Biotecnología de los hongos. ACRIBIA S.A. Zaragoza, España.
WEBSTER, J. & WEBER, R.W.S. (2007). Introduction to Fungi. 3rd. ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. New York.
ZHIQIANG A.N. (ed.) (2005). Handbook of Industrial Mycology. Marcel Dekker Publ. NY, USA.
WEB RESOURCES
ARORA, k.D, BERKA, R.M., & SINGH, G.B. Elsevier. 2015. Applied Mycology and Biotechnology. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/18745334>
ELLIS, D. 2015. University of Adelaide. Mycology Online.< http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/>
RAI, M., BRIDGE, P.D. CAB International, UK. <https://www.academia.edu/22482748/Applied_Mycology>
Software
We won't use any specific program
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 24 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 241 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (SEM) Seminars | 241 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PCAM) Field practices | 241 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |