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Microbial Ecology

Code: 100825
Credits: 4
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Environmental Biology OB 3

Contact lecturer

Name :
Maira Martinez Alonso
Email :
maira.martinez@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Olga Sanchez Martinez

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

Although no official prerequisite exists, students are advised to review concepts that refer to the microbial world, previously studied.

In order to take this course it is necessary that the student has passed the tests of Safety and Biosafety that he/she will find in the corresponding Moodle space. It is necessary to present, the first day of class, the printed pdf documents generated when passing the tests. Also, it is necessary to know and accept the operating rules of the laboratories of the Faculty of Biosciences. In addition, it is imperative that the student follows the rules of work indicated by the teaching staff. For safety reasons, if the two tests have not been passed, or the student does not wear a lab coat and safety glasses, access to the lab will not be allowed.

Objectives

It is a mandatory, nuclear course of the degree of Environmental Biology, which introduces the student in the principles and terminology, as well as in the methods of study of Microbial Ecology.

The objectives of the course are:

1. Acquire the basic concepts and methods of study of Microbial Ecology.

2. Display knowledge of the microorganisms in their natural habitats and the environmental factors that affect their distribution.

3. Recognize the main relationships that microorganisms establish between them and with other living things, such as plants and animals.

4. Understand the role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles

Learning outcomes

  1. Communicate efficiently, orally and in writing.
  2. Know a foreign language (English).
  3. Interpret the distribution, requirements and biological interactions in the environment of microorganisms, principally bacteria.
  4. Isolate, culture and identify microorganisms in the laboratory, principally bacteria.
  5. Recognise the biochemical bases and their relation to the metabolic processes that determine the functioning of microorganisms, principally bacteria.
  6. Interpret the role of microorganisms, principally bacteria, in the functioning of biological systems.
  7. Recognise the functional processes that determine the adaptation of microorganisms, principally bacteria, to the medium.

Contents

THEORY


I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODS


1. Microbial Ecology: concept and historical development

Historical development. Microbial Ecology today. Concepts of microbial ecology.


2. Methods of study of Microbial Ecology (I)

Characteristics and objectives of the Microbial Ecology sampling. Sampling devices in different habitats. Preservation of samples.


3. Methods of study (II)

Quantification of microorganisms in the natural environment. Estimation of biomass. Estimation of microbial biodiversity with molecular techniques.


4. Methods of study (III)

Detection and measurement of microbial activity.


II. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN POPULATIONS


5. Interactions between microbial populations

Interactions within the same population. Transmission of chemical signals between microorganisms: quorum sensing. Neutralism. Positive interactions: commensalism, synergism and mutualism. Negative interactions: competition, amensalism, predation and parasitism.


6. Interactions between plants and microorganisms

Rhizosphere. Mycorrhizae. Fixation of nitrogen in the radical nodules. Phillosphere.


7. Interactions between microorganisms and animals

Contribution of microorganisms to animal nutrition. Predation of animals by fungi. Other symbiotic relationships.


III. MICROORGANISMS IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATS


8. Microbial communities and ecosystems

Structure and dynamics of microbial communities. Effect of environmental factors on the distribution of microorganisms.


9. Marine and freshwater environments

Water as a microbial habitat. Lotic and lentic ecosystems. Coastal marine ecosystems. Open sea.


10. Terrestrial ecosystems

Edaphic microbiomes: soil and rhizosphere. Microbiology of sediments.


11. Extreme environments

What is an extreme environment? Examples: Terrestrial hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Deep ocean. Warm and cold deserts. Acidic and alkaline environments. The subsoil.


12. Microorganisms in nutrient cycles

Carbon cycle: Carbon transfer through trophic networks. Cycle of nitrogen, sulfur and other elements. Interrelations between cycles.


LABORATORY PRACTICES


Characterization of experimental models:


Practice 1. Macro and microscopic observation


Practice 2. Determination of physical and chemical parameters


Practice 3. Microorganisms count


Practice 4. Determination of total biomass


Practice 5. Metabolic characterization of the ecosystem: enzymatic activity


Practice 6. Metabolic characterization of the ecosystem: use of carbon sources


Practice 7. The nitrogen cycle


Practice 8. Enrichment and isolation of different microbial physiological groups


Practice 9. Determination of the optimum temperature of growth from one of the isolated bacteria


Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Study 35 1.4 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
Theoretical lectures 24 0.96 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
Bibliography search 5 0.2 2
Laboratory practices 12 0.48 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Individual/group tutorials 2 0.08 3, 5, 6, 7
Text reading 7 0.28 2
Preparation and writing of works 10 0.4 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

The course of Microbial Ecology consists of two modules, which have been programmed in an integrated way so that the student will have to relate throughout the course the content and activities scheduled to achieve the skills indicated in this guide.

The two modules are:

Theoretical lectures. Within this module, master or expository lectures represent the main activity to be carried out in the classroom and allow basic concepts to be transmitted to a large number of students in a relatively short time. They will be complemented with Power Point presentations and diverse didactic material that will be delivered to the students at the beginning of the course.

Laboratory practices. This subject will be taught in small groups with a maximum of 24 students per laboratory session. Each student is assigned to a group of practices and can not change groups without the permission of the teacher responsiblefor the subject.

Attendance at all practices is mandatory and it is necessary to be very punctual. Once the teacher has begun the explanation of the practice, students will not be allowed to enter in the classroom. If a student, with a justified cause, has not been able to attend a practice session, he/she will have to contact the teacher responsible for the subject and present the corresponding proof. In this case he/she will be assigned a new day to do the practice. If the practice has already been done and the student can not retake it, it will not be considered as a lack of attendance.

At the beginning of the course the student will receive a Handbook with the practices work to be developed during the course. The objectives of these activities are: a) facilitate the understanding of the knowledge presented in the theoretical lectures, b) acquire manual skills, c) interpret results, and d) integrate theoretical and practice knowledge.

It is mandatory to wear a labcoat in all practices sessions that take place in the laboratory and also the use of protection glasses in those sessions indicated by the teacher. In addition, each student will have to bring the corresponding Practices Handbook and a notebook to record the results of the work.


Additional Information:

In order to support the above mentioned training activities, individual tutorials can be carried out at the request of the students by the teachers Olga Sánchez (C3-335) and Maira Martínez-Alonso (C3-329).

Students will have at the Moodle space all the documentation delivered by the teachers for the good monitoring of the course. He/she will also be able to consult the teaching space of the Degree Coordination to obtain updated information.

In these practical activities the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is permitted but in a restricted manner. Therefore, for this subject, the use of AI technologies is allowed exclusively in support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction or translations. The student must clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. The absence of transparency in the use of AI in this assessable activity will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater sanctions in serious cases.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Theory assessment, part 1 32,5 2 0.08 1, 3, 5, 6, 7
Assessment of laboratory work 35 1 0.04 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Theory assessment, part 2 32,5 2 0.08 1, 3, 5, 6, 7

The evaluation of the course will be individual and continuous through the following tests:

Assessment of the theoretical lectures module (65% of the overall mark): During the course two written exams of this module will be scheduled, which are eliminatory. Each test will have a weight of 50% of the mark of the module and it will be necessary to obtain a score equal to or superior to 5 to average them. Each test will consist of multiple choice questions, which will allow for assessment of a large part of the contents, and/or short answer questions aimed at assessing whether the key conceptual objectives have been achieved.

Assessment of the laboratory work module (20% of the overall grade): The evaluation will include a written test with multiple choice questions and problems (20%), an oral presentation of the practical results (5%), and the individual daily monitoring of the practical skills acquired by the students (10%).

Final considerations:

To pass the course the student must obtain a score of 5 or higher in each module. Students who do not pass any of the two modules will have to retake them in a second-chance exam on the scheduled date for the final evaluation of the subject, where the whole theory and/or laboratory work content will be included. Practical skills can not be retaken.

To be eligible for the retake process, the student should have been previously evaluated in a set of activities equaling at least two-thirds of the final score of the course. Thus, the student will be graded as Non-evaluable if the weighing of all conducted evaluation activities is less than 67% of the final score.

The presentation of the student to raise the mark involves the renunciation to that obtained with the partial exams and he/she will have to perform the re-assessment of all contents of the course on the day scheduled for that purpose.

From the second registration, those students repeating the course will not have to carry out the teaching activities, nor the assessment of those skills passed in the laboratory work module. That is, the mark obtained in the lab work module will be saved, as long as it has been passed.

Any irregularity in an assessment act (academic fraud, plagiarism or improper use of AI, unless this use is expressly authorized in the teaching guide), which may lead to a significant variation in the grade, means that this act will be graded with a 0. In the event that the teaching guide provides that in order to pass the subject it is an essential requirement to have obtained a minimum grade in this assessment act or that several irregularities occur in the assessment acts of the same subject, the final grade for this subject is 0. Apart from this, a disciplinary process may be initiated against the student who incurs any of these irregularities.

Single evaluation

This subject considers the single assessment system that consists of a single summary test in which the contents of the entire theory program of the subject will be assessed. The test will consist of short-answer questions aimed at assessing whether the key conceptual objectives of the subject have been achieved, as well as multiple-choice and/or true/false test-type questions, which will allow a large part of the content to be assessed. The grade obtained in this synthesis test will account for 65% of the final grade for the subject and must be equal to or greater than 5 to average with the laboratory work module. The single assessment will be done on the same day as the subject's assessment 2.

The evaluation of the laboratory work module will follow the same process as the continuous evaluation. The grade obtained will account for 35% of the final grade of the subject. The laboratory work module is compulsory for all sessions. It is required to have passed the laboratory work module (grade of 5 or higher) in order to pass the subject.

Bibliography

 Textbooks:

Atlas RM, Bartha R. 2002. Ecología microbiana y microbiologia ambiental. 4ª ed., Pearson Educación SA.

Kirchman DL. 2018. Processes in microbial ecology. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. Electronic resource.

Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Bender KS, Buckley DH, Stahl DA. 2015. Brock Biología de los Microorganismos. 14ª ed. Pearson Education. Electronic resource.

Madigan MT, Bender KS, Buckley DH, Sattley WM, Stahl DA. 2021. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 16th ed. Pearson SA.

Martín A, Béjar V, Gutiérrez JC, Llagostera M, Quesada E. 2019. Microbiología Esencial. 1ª ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Electronic resource.

Willey J, Sherwood LM, Woolverton CJ. 2009. Microbiología de Prescott, Harley y Klein. 7ª ed. MacGraw-Hill.

Willey JM, Sandman KM, Wood DH. 2023. Prescott's Microbiology. 12th ed. MacGraw-Hill.

Willey JM, Sandman KM. 2021. Prescott's Principles of Microbiology. 2nd ed. MacGraw-Hill. Electronic resource.

 

In this link, it can be found an infographic prepared by the Library Service to facilitate the location of electronic books: https://bibcercador.uab.cat/discovery/search?search_scope=CourseReserves&vid=34CSUC_UAB:VU1&query=course_code,contains,100825

 

Software

No specific software is needed in this subject.

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 23 Catalan first semester morning-mixed
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 231 Catalan first semester afternoon
(PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori 231 Catalan first semester afternoon
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 232 Catalan first semester afternoon
(PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori 232 Catalan first semester afternoon
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 233 Catalan first semester afternoon
(PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori 233 Catalan first semester afternoon