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Development Biology

Code: 100783
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Biology OP 4

Contact lecturer

Name :
Aurora Ruiz-Herrera Moreno
Email :
aurora.ruizherrera@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Joaquim Martí Clua
Andros Maldonado Linares
Berta Nieves Vazquez Prat
Aurora Ruiz-Herrera Moreno
Ignasi Roig Navarro

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

  • There are no official prerequisites. However, it is assumed that the student has assimilated the learning skills of "Cell Biology".
  • To access to study "Histology" the student must have passed the safety test. This can be found in the virtual campus.

Objectives

It is a course fourth year, optional, developed the fundamentals of cellular processes that lead to the formation of an animal from the fertilized egg. It has been designed assuming students have basic knowledge of Histology him to achieve an integrated vision of the origin and development of the animal organism until it manifests its structure or adult is able to lead an independent life.

Finally, note that "Developmental Biology" is a theoretical and practical course. This makes it possible to continually interacting theoretical concepts and practical sessions

Objectives:

  1. To understand the physiological characteristics of the animal gametes that allow fertilization and the subsequent viability of the zygote.
  2. To know, in terms of cell biology, the diversity of mechanisms involved in the embryonic development of the animals.
  3. To distinguish the main morphogenetic processes and their chronology embryo.
  4. To know the main items of the experimental embryology and to study its experimental models.
  5. To acquire the integrated concept of the establishment of the embryonic body plan.
  6. Understand the principles of the embryonic organogenesis in a morpho-functional context.
  7. To know the genesis and biological significance of the various embryonic annexes.
  8. To identify, at the light microscopic level, the successive stages of embryonic development of various animals.
 

Learning outcomes

  1. Be able to analyse and synthesise.
  2. Be able to organise and plan.
  3. Students must have and understand knowledge of an area of study built on the basis of general secondary education, and while it relies on some advanced textbooks it also includes some aspects coming from the forefront of its field of study.
  4. Students must be capable of applying their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional way and they should have building arguments and problem resolution skills within their area of study.
  5. Students must be capable of collecting and interpreting relevant data (usually within their area of study) in order to make statements that reflect social, scientific or ethical relevant issues.
  6. Students must be capable of communicating information, ideas, problems and solutions to both specialised and non-specialised audiences.
  7. Students must develop the necessary learning skills to undertake further training with a high degree of autonomy.
  8. Analyse a situation and identify its points for improvement.
  9. Propose new methods or well-founded alternative solutions.
  10. Critically analyse the principles, values and procedures that govern the exercise of the profession.
  11. Take sex- or gender-based inequalities into consideration when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
  12. Take account of social, economic and environmental impacts when operating within one's own area of knowledge.
  13. Describe the cellular bases for embryo development.
  14. Explain the processes of cell division, migration, differentiation and death.
  15. Identify microscopically development stages of animal embryos.

Contents

Contents are the following:


 


LECTURES SESSIONS


 


I. INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT


Chapter 1. The development of livings beings.


II. BEGINNING A NEW ORGANISM


Chapter 2. Spermatozoa.


Chapter 3. Egg.


Chapter 4. Egg membranes.


Chapter 5. Fertilization and zygote. 


III CELLULAR DIVERSITY


Chapter 6. Mechanisms of embryonic development. 


Chapter 7. Cleavage. 


Chapter 8. Gastrulation.  


IV MODELS OF EMBRYOGENESIS


Chapter 9. Early development of echinoderms.


Chapter 10. Predetermination of the amphibian body axis.


Chapter 11. Amphibian’s cleavage.


Chapter 12. Amphibian gastrulation. 


Chapter 13. Regulation in amphibians.


Chapter 14. Early fish development. 


Chapter 15. Cleavage in birds. 


Chapter 16. Gastrulation in birds. 


Chapter 17. Regulation in birds. 


Chapter 18. Cleavage in mammalians.


Chapter 19. Gastrulation in mammalians.


V. ORGANOGENESIS


Chapter 20. Neurulation. 


Chapter 21. Body folding in amniotes.


Chapter 22. Development of the neural tube.


Chapter 23. Neural crest derivatives.  


Chapter 24. Development of the mesoderm.


Chapter 25. Endoderm derivatives.


VI. ORGANOGENESIS


Chapter 26. Embryonic attached cells in ammniotes.


Chapter 27. Chorion and amnion of birds. 


Chapter 28. Allantoids of birds. 


Chapter 29. Embryonic attached cells in mammalian.


Chapter 30. Allantoids of birds.


Chapter 31. Placenta.


 


PRACTICAL SESSIONS


Session 1. Microscopic analysis of the fertilization and early embryonic development in invertebrates.


Session 2. Microscopic analysis of the embryonic development in amphibians.


Session 3. Microscopic analysis of the early development and neurulation in birds.


Session 4. Microscopic analysis of the organogenesis and embryonic attachments in amniotes.

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Study 60 2.4 1, 2, 13, 14
Preparation of seminars 25 1 1, 2, 13, 14
Theory lessons 36 1.44 13, 14
Resolution of practical seminars 2.5 0.1 1, 2, 15
Seminars 3 0.12 1, 2, 13
Practical sessions 12 0.48 1, 2, 15
Custom tutorials 5 0.2 13, 14

The contents of \"Developmental Biology\" include theory, seminars and talks lessons.

Theory lessons

The program theory is taught in 36 classes. They will be done using audiovisual material, which will be at the disposition of the students in the Virtual Campus.

Seminars

There are 3 seminars. They are designed so that the students work in small groups, and acquire skills of teamwork and critical reasoning. The students were divided into groups of 4 to 6 people. 

The organization of the groups and the distribution of topics to be discussed will take place during the first class. In the seminars, some groups of students must submit in writing the proposed topic the teacher. The same groups of students orally present the issue to the rest of the class with the resources available in the classroom. The literature will be included in the Virtual Campus. The seminars attendance is mandatory.

Individual coaching sessions

Individual coaching sessions will take place in a personalized way in the professor room. These sessions should be used to clarify concepts and to establish the acquired knowledge. They can also take advantage to resolve questions that students have about the preparation of seminars.

Practical sessions

The practical sessions will be done in small groups of students (about 20 per session) in the laboratory. They are designed to complement theoretical training.

The main goal of these sessions is to microscopic diagnosis and individual delivery of questionnaires. The practical sessions also include to do a dossier with the microscopic observations carried out. The practical sessions attendance is mandatory.

 

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Exams Weight 70% 5 0.2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14
Seminars Weight 10% 0.5 0.02 1, 2, 6, 11, 13, 14
Practical sessions Weight 20% 1 0.04 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15

Evaluation

The evaluation of the course will be continued through individual test that assess individual learning by students from theory lessons, seminars and practical sessions.

Evaluations activities planned in the course of \"Developmental Biology\" are the following:

Exams: two partial exams. Each test will be worth 70% of the final grade. Exams will be multiple choice questions 25 with two options and only one correct (part A), and 25 with three options and only one correct (part B). A correction value will be subtracted 1/2 and 1/3 per wrong answer for each question in part A and B, respectively. To pass this part of the course, students must achieve a minimum of 4 points (from 0 to 10) in each partial exam. Whether this minimum is not achieved, students must do a final full or partial exam.

Seminars: They will be worth 10% of the final grade as follows:

i) 40% for the written work (this work will be assessed by the professor).

ii) 30% for the oral presentation of the collective work (this work will be assessed by the professor).

iii) 15% for the intra-group evaluation

iv) 15% for the inter-group evaluation

The attendance at seminars is mandatory. If a student do not attend any of the seminar sessions, because not justified, there will be a penalty in the final grade of the seminars.

i) Absence to 1 session = discount of 20% of the grade.

ii) Absence to 1 session = discount of 40% of the grade.

iii) Absence to 1 session = discount of 80% of the grade.

Practical sessions: They will be worth 20% of the final grade as follows:

i) Evaluation of the contents at the end of each practical session (50% of the grade). This test consist of a set of questions as well as recognition of microscopic structures. The final grade of this section is obtained from the average of the grades obtained in each practical session. The attendance at the practical sessions is mandatory. If a student do not attend any of the practical session, because not justified, the grade will be zero.

ii) Test of microscopic diagnostic (50% of the grade). This test will consist in the diagnosis of microscopic structures proposed along the course. To be able to weigh the notes obtained in each section, it will be essential that students get a rating equal to or greater than 4 points (out of 10) in each one of them. Students who have received a final grade lower than 5 (of 10) required to write an examination of recovery, which will consist of a microscopic diagnosis test and a questionnaire.

Attendance to practical sessions (or field trips) is mandatory. Students missing more than 20% of programmed sessions will be graded as \"No Avaluable.

Successful completion of the course

To pass the course, the following two requirements must be met:

  1. To obtain at least 5 out of 10 in the overall calculation of the written tests of theory and seminars.
  2. To obtain at least 5 points out of 10 in the practices.

The presentation of the student to any recovery exam (theory and / or practice) entails the waiver previously obtained qualification.

To be eligible for the retake process, the student should have been previously evaluated in a set of activities equaling at least two thirds of the final score of the course or module. Thus, the student will be graded as \"No Avaluable\" if the weighthin of all conducted evaluation activities is less than 67% of the final score.


Repeaters

Repeaters do not need to repeat the written tests, seminars or practices if the student had previously obtained a minimum of five in any of these tests. This exemption will be maintained fora period of three additional registrations.


Single assessment

This subject foresees the single assessment system. The single assessment consists of a single exam in which the contents of the entire theory program of the subject will be assessed. The grade obtained in this synthesis test will account for 70% of the final grade of the subject. The single assessment test will take place on the same day, time and place as the last continuous assessment test of the subject. The single assessment can be recovered on the day set for the recovery of the subject. Seminars and laboratory practices are assessed in the same way as continuous assessment.


AI

For this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively for support tasks, such as literature and information searches, text editing, or translation in the preparation of support materials. Students must clearly identify which parts have been generated using these technologies, specify the tools employed, and include a critical reflection on how these tools have influenced both the process and the final outcome of the activity. Failure to transparently disclose the use of AI in this assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or total reduction of the activity grade, or more severe sanctions in serious cases.


Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity (academic misconduct, plagiarism, or improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorized in the course syllabus) that may lead to a significant alteration of the grade will result in that activity being graded as 0. If the course syllabus stipulates that obtaining a minimum mark in this assessment is an essential requirement to pass the course, or if multiple irregularities occur in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0. Furthermore, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who incurs any of these irregularities.



Bibliography

BOOKS

 Balinsky, B.I.: Introducción a la Embriología (ed. Omega).

Carlson, B.M.: Embriología Básica de Patten (ed. Interamericana- McGraw Hill).

Carlson, B.M.: Embriología Humana y Biología del Desarrollo (ed. Harcourt).

Eynard, A.R. y col.: Histología y Embriología del ser humano (ed. Panamericana).

Gilbert, S.F.: Biología del Desarrollo (ed. Panamericana).

Müller, W.A.: Developmental Biology (ed. Springer).

Sadler, T.W.: Langman Embriología médica. Con orientación clínica (ed. Panamericana).

Slack, J.M.W.: Essential Developmental Biology. (ed. Blackwell).

Wolpert, L. y col..: Principios del Desarrollo (ed. Panamericana).

 ATLASES

 Freeman,  W.H. & Bracegirdle,  B.: Atlas de embriología (ed. Paraninfo).

Schoenwolf, G.C.: Laboratory studies of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos (ed. Prentice Hall).

Schoenwolf, G.C. and Mathews, W.W.: Atlas of descriptive embryology (ed. Pearson Education, Inc.).

 

On line material:

https://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/embryology/

Software

No specific programme is needed.

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 14 Catalan/Spanish second semester morning-mixed
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 141 Catalan/Spanish second semester afternoon
(SEM) Seminars 141 Catalan/Spanish second semester morning-mixed