
Microbiology
Code: 108082Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Biology | FB | 1 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Olga Sanchez Martinez
- Email :
- olga.sanchez@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Elena Hernandez Del Amo
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
Although there are no official prerequisites, students are advised to review concepts that refer to the microbial world, previously studied.
Objectives
It is a mandatory subject, nuclear in the degree of Environmental Biology, that introduces students to the microbial world, giving an overview of the microorganisms, in connection with the rest of living beings and with the different environments in which they live.
This subject, given its introductory nature, offers the most basic concepts and competences referred to Microbiology, so that students can deepen in the following courses in other more specialized subjects of Microbiology.
Objectives of the subject:
1. To broadly recognize microbial diversity and to know how to distinguish the characteristics that define the different microbial groups.
2. To identify the different structures, as well as the composition of the prokaryotic cell.
3. To know the metabolic versatility of the different microbial groups, particularly that of prokaryotes.
4. To know the genomic variability of the microorganisms and the main mechanisms of exchange of genetic information in prokaryotes.
5. To recognize the main relationships of microorganisms with living organisms and with the physical environment they inhabit.
6. To know the role of microorganisms in the development of human societies, as well as their future applications.
7. To know how to perform basic calculations to determine microbiological parameters.
8. To understand and apply basic laboratory techniques to work experimentally with microorganisms.
Learning outcomes
- CM18 (As a team, evaluate ways to solve problems and practical cases in the field of microbiology, developing interpersonal skills inherent to the professional environment (collaborative work, communication, ethical responsibility).) As a team, evaluate ways to solve problems and practical cases in the field of microbiology, developing interpersonal skills inherent to the professional environment (collaborative work, communication, ethical responsibility).
- KM22 (Describe the diversity of the microbial world, including the classification of the different types of microorganisms and their morphological and physiological characteristics.) Describe the diversity of the microbial world, including the classification of the different types of microorganisms and their morphological and physiological characteristics.
- KM23 (Describe the role of microorganisms in the natural environment and their potential applications.) Describe the role of microorganisms in the natural environment and their potential applications.
- SM23 (Apply conventional microbiological techniques that enable differentiation between different microbial groups in different areas.) Apply conventional microbiological techniques that enable differentiation between different microbial groups in different areas.
Contents
THEORETICAL CONTENT (3,6 ECTS)
Unit 1. The microbial world
History and human societies and microorganisms. Discovering microorganisms. Levels of organization. Main differences between viruses and cellular organisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organization.
Unit 2. Structure and function of the prokaryotic cell
Size and morphology. Cytoplasmic membrane. Structure and function of the cell wall. Capsules and slime layers. The cytoplasm. The nuclear region. Functional and storage inclusions. Appendages. Main mechanisms of motility. Microbial taxisms. Endospores.
Unit 3. The genome of prokaryotes
Structure of the genome. Size, topology and number of chromosomes. Extrachromosomal genetic material: plasmids. Transposable elements. Microbial genomics.
Unit 4. Mutagenesis
Types of mutations. Effects. Causes. DNA repair. Selection of mutants.
Unit 5. Genetic transfer mechanisms
Recombination. Transformation, transduction and conjugation.
Unit 6. The cell cycle of prokaryotes
Binary division. Cell division and control. Diversity of the prokaryotic cell cycle.
Unit 7. Microbial growth. \">Influence of environmental factors on growth
Exponential growth. Growth cycle in populations. Environmental factors affecting growth: temperature, pH, water availability, oxygen and pressure.
Unit 8. Control of microbial growth
Chemical methods: heat sterilization, radiation and filtration. Antimicrobial agents. Measurement of antimicrobial activity. Resistance to antimicrobials.
Unit 9. Metabolism: global scheme
Sources of energy, carbon and reducing power. Metabolic classes. Processes to obtain energy. Biosynthetic strategy.
Unit 10. Metabolic diversity I
Phototrophy, autotrophs, chemolitotrophy and nitrogen fixation.
Unit 11. Metabolic diversity II
Fermentations. Anerobic respiration. Aerobic chemoorganotrophy.
Unit 12. Diversity of prokaryotes
The origin of life and biological diversification. Microbial systematics: taxonomy and phylogeny. Taxonomic ranges. Species concept in prokaryotes. Techniques to determine taxonomy and phylogeny.
Unit 13. The archaea
Differential characteristics. Phylum Methanobacteriota (old Euryarchaeota). Phylum Thermoproteota (old Crenarchaeota). Phylum Nitrososphaerota and other archaea.
Unit 14. Gram negative bacteria: Pseudomonadota (old Proteobacteria)
Modern taxonomic structure. Class Alphaproteobacteria. Class Gammaproteobacteria. Old Delta and Epsilonproteobacteria.
Unit 15. Non Pseudomonadota Gram negative bacteria
Cyanobacteria. Green bacteria: Chlorobiota and Chloroflexota. Chlamydia. Planctomycetota. Spirochetes. Deinococcus and Thermus. Hyperthermophilic bacteria. Other Gram negative phyla.
Unit 16. Gram positive bacteria and mycoplasma
Non endospore-forming Gram positive bacteria. Endospore-forming Gram positive bacteria. Mycoplasma. Actinomycetota: Gram positive bacteria with high G + C content.
Unit 17. Viruses
Concept of virus. Morphology of virus particles. Viral cycle. Classification and diversity of viruses.
Unit 18. Microorganisms in their environment
Concept of microenvironment. Colonization of surfaces. Aerial, terrestrial and aquatic environments, main characteristics. Trophic relationships in microorganisms.
Unit 19. Biogeochemical cycles
Microorganisms as agents of geochemical change. Carbon cycle. Nitrogen cycle.
CLASSROOM PRACTICES CONTENT (1 ECTS)
Module 1. Microscopic technique.
Module 2. Spread and isolation technique.
Module 3. Microscopic observations.
Module 4. Problems on basic microbiology.
Module 5. Problems on growth and microbial control.
Module 6. Scientific news analysis.
LABORATORY PRACTICES CONTENT (1,4 ECTS)
Module 1. Microbial count.
Module 2. Isolation of microorganisms
Module 3. Observation of microorganisms.
Module 4. Identification of microorganisms.
Module 5. Microbial diversity and ubiquity.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Classroom practices classes | 8 | 0.32 | CM18, KM22, KM23 |
| Theoretical lectures | 30 | 1.2 | KM22, KM23 |
| Text reading | 20 | 0.8 | KM22, KM23 |
| Group and individual tutorials | 4 | 0.16 | KM22, KM23 |
| Problem resolution | 20 | 0.8 | CM18 |
| Study | 50 | 2 | KM22, KM23 |
| Practical laboratory classes | 12 | 0.48 | CM18, SM23 |
TEACHING METHODOLOGY AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES
The subject of Microbiology consists of three modules of supervised activities, which have been programmed in an integrated way so that the student must relate throughout the course the content and activities programmed to reach the skills indicated in this guide.
The three modules are as follows:
Participatory theoretical lectures: The student must acquire the scientific-technical knowledge of this subject by attending these classes and complementing them with the personal study of the topics explained. At the beginning of the course, the student will be given a detailed schedule of the topics to be discussed throughout the course, as well as the bibliography that should be consulted to prepare each theoretical class and for the personal study of the theoretical contents of the subject. The teaching of each subject will be based on a theoretical exposition.
Classroom practices: These classes are sessions with a reduced number of students with the aim of: a) working methodological aspects, b) facilitating the understanding of the knowledge presented in the theoretical lectures and c) bridging the theoretical lectures and practical laboratory work, with the objective of integrating theoretical and practical knowledge.At the beginning of the course the student will receive a detailed schedule of the contents of each session, which will indicate the bibliography to be consulted and the relationship of each session with the topics covered in the theoretical lectures and in the laboratory practices. A dossier will also be given with a proposal of problems that must be developed during the course. The sessions will be held in the classroom, where different methodological issues and basic microbiology problems will be discussed, as well as the analysis of a current news story about microbiology. Each student will present their analysis of this news story.
Practical laboratory classes: Previous to the practical lab classes the student will receive a Handbook with the practical work to be developed during the course. The objectives of these activities are: a) to facilitate the understanding of the knowledge presented in the theoretical lectures, b) to practice the experimental designs developed in the problem sessions, c) to acquire manual skills, d) to interpret the results, and e) to integrate theoretical and practical knowledge. The attendance to the practical classes is mandatory in order to acquire the competences of the subject. For attending the laboratory classes it is necessary the student to pass the biosafety and safety tests that will be find in the Moodle space and to know and accept the working rules of the laboratories of the Faculty of Biosciences. In addition, he must comply with the regulations of work in a laboratory of Microbiology that he will find indicated in the Handbook. In order to achieve a good performance and to acquire the competences corresponding to thisactivity it is essential that the student makes a comprehensive reading of the practices proposed before their completion.
As supervised activities of the subject, the students will be able to carry out tutorials in the teachers' office and / or through TICs. At the beginning of the course the procedure for conducting tutorials will be communicated.
The autonomous activities of this subject are: study, reading of texts and resolution of problems.
Additional information: For a good follow-up of the subject, the student will have in the Moodle space all the documentation indicated in the previous points.
For this subject, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively in support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction or translations. When applicable, the student must clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. The lack of transparency of the use of AI in this assessable activity will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total penalty in the grade of the activity, or greater sanctions in serious cases.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory assessment: Part 1 | 24% | 2 | 0.08 | KM22, KM23 |
| Theory assessment: Part 2 | 36% | 2 | 0.08 | KM22, KM23 |
| Assessment of laboratory practices | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | CM18, KM22, KM23, SM23 |
| Techniques and problems assessment | 20% | 1 | 0.04 | CM18, KM22, KM23 |
Continuous evaluation
The assessment of the subject will be individual and continuous through the following tests:
Module of evaluation of theoretical classes (60% of the overall mark). During the course two written tests of this module will be programmed, which are cumulative; i.e. the second test will include all the theoretical contents of the subject.
- The first test will have a weight of 24% and the second one of 36% of the overall mark.
- If the student obtains in the second test a higher mark than in the first one, the final mark of this module will be that of the second test.
- Each test will include a maximum of 60 multiple choice and / or true / false test questions.
Module of evaluation of the classroom practices (20% of the overall mark). The evaluation of this activity will consist of the following parts:
a) In-class completion of exercises and other classroom activities.
b) A written test at the end of the course that will consist of the resolution of a maximum of six problems and some test questions.
These items will have a weight of 3 and 7 points, out of 10, respectively. To pass this module you must obtain at least a 5 in the written test.
Module of assessment of the practical laboratory classes (20% of the overall mark). The evaluation of this activity will consist of two tests:
a) Practical skill, which will consist of the delivery of different practical results to the teacher during each laboratory session
b) Written test at the end of the practical laboratory classes consisting of a maximum of 20 test questions about the work done in the laboratory.
These tests will have a weight of 4 and 6 points, out of 10, respectively. To pass this module the student must obtain at least 5 points in the written test.
To pass the subject the student must obtain a grade of 5 or higher in each module. Students who do not pass any of the written tests of the practical and methodology and problems modules will be able to retake them in the scheduled date for the assessment of the subject at the end of the semester. The re-assessment of the theory module will be done in a single written global test.
To be eligible for the retake process, the student should have been previously evaluated in a set of activities equaling at least two thirds of the final score of the course or module. Thus, the student will be graded as "No Avaluable" if the weighth in of all conducted evaluation activities is less than 67% of the final score.
Students wishing to improve their mark may present to an overall examination of the subject, which will include questions from all three modules. In this case, the presentation of the student in the re-assessment examination involves the renunciation of the qualification previously obtained. The date of the exam will be the same for the retake process.
From the second registration of the subject on, it will not be necessary for the student to carry out the laboratory practices module if he / she has achieved the competences of this part of the subject in the previous course. This exemption will be maintained for a period of three additional registrations.
Any irregularity in an assessment act (academic fraud, plagiarism or improper use of AI, unless this use is expressly authorized in the teaching guide), which may lead to a significant variation in the grade, means that this act will be graded with a 0. In the event that the teaching guide provides that in order to pass the subject it is an essential requirement to have obtained a minimum grade in this assessment act or that several irregularities occur in the assessment acts of the same subject, the final grade for this subject is 0. Apart from this, a disciplinary process may be initiated against the student who incurs any of these irregularities.
Single assessment
The single assessment consists of a single summary test in which the contents of the entire theory program of the subject will be assessed. The test will consist of short-answer questions aimed at assessing whether the key conceptual objectives of the subject have been achieved and multiple-choice and/or true/false test-type questions, which will allow a large part of the content to be assessed. The grade obtained in this synthesis test will account for 60% of the final grade of the subject and must be equal to or greater than 5. The single assessment will be done on the same day as the 2nd part of the subject.
The assessment of the laboratory practices and techniques and problems modules will follow the same process as the continuous assessment. The grade obtained will account for 20% of the final grade of the subject for each of the modules. The laboratory practices attendance is compulsory at all sessions. It is a requirement to have passed the laboratory practices and techniques and problems modules (grade 5 or higher) to take the single assessment test.
Bibliography
Text books:
Madigan, M.T., J.M. Martinko, K.S. Bender, D.H. Buckely, D.A. Stahl. 2015. Brock Biología de los Microorganismos. 14ª ed. Pearson Educación, S.A. ISBN:9788490352793. Electronic resource.
Madigan MT, Bender KS Buckley DH, Sattley WM, Stahl DA (2021). Brock. Biology of microorganisms, 16ª ed., Pearson SA.
Martín A, Bejar V, Guitiérrez JC, Llagostera M, Quesada E. 2018. Microbiología Esencial. Panamericana. ISBN 9788498357868. Electronic resource.
Willey, J, LM Sherwood, CJ Woolverton. 2009. Microbiología de Prescott, Harley y Klein. 7ª ed. MacGraw-Hill-Interamericana de España.ISBN: 978-84-481-6827-8.
Willey JM, Sandman KM, Wood DH. 2023. Prescott's Microbiology. 12th ed. MacGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-1265123031.
Blogs:
Blog Small things considered
https://schaechter.asmblog.org/
Webs:
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/MicrobeWiki
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/
http://curiosidadesdelamicrobiologia.blogspot.com/
https://www.cellsalive.fun/
http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/
http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/
https://microbioblog.es/los-microbios-que-te-rodeanhttps://caixaforumplus.org/c/planeta-microbio
Software
No specific software is needed in this subject
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 21 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 211 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 211 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 211 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 212 | Catalan | first semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 212 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 212 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 213 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori | 213 | Catalan | first semester | morning-mixed |