Thermodynamics
Code: 107629Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Physics | OB | 2 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Vicenç Mendez Lopez
- Email :
- vicenc.mendez@uab.cat
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
It is recommended to have completed multivariable calculus.
Objectives
- Be able to distinguish a thermodynamic system from a non-thermodynamic one
- Identify the system and the environment
- Distinguish between state variables and process variables
- Understand the concept of equilibrium
- Interpret the different types of thermodynamic processes
- Apply the principles of thermodynamics
- Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes
- Change representations in a system's fundamental equation
- Interpret the criteria for thermodynamic stability and relate them to the occurrence of phase transitions
- Analyze first-order phase transitions. Be able to distinguish between first- and second-order phase transitions
- Distinguish between real and ideal gases. Relate the intermolecular interaction potential to the virial expansion
- Understand the processes of gas liquefaction
Learning outcomes
- CM26 (Solve real problems in the field of science and technology using tools in thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics.) Solve real problems in the field of science and technology using tools in thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics.
- CM27 (Work as a team to solve problems and practical cases in the field of thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics.) Work as a team to solve problems and practical cases in the field of thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics.
- KM29 (Describe the concepts, magnitudes and fundamental principles of thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics.) Describe the concepts, magnitudes and fundamental principles of thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics.
- SM22 (Apply the laws and methods of thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics to the resolution of problems and the explanation of experimental phenomena.) Apply the laws and methods of thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid physics to the resolution of problems and the explanation of experimental phenomena.
Contents
1. Basic concepts of thermodynamics
1.1. Thermodynamics and the thermodynamic system
1.2. Walls and surroundings. Classes of systems
1.3. Thermodynamic equilibrium and equilibrium states. Status variables
1.4. Processes
2. Zero principle and thermometric scales
2.1. Thermal equilibrium
2.2. Zero principle
2.3. Empirical temperature
2.4. Temperature measurement
2.5. Thermometric scales. International scale
2.6. Thermodynamic coefficients
3. First principle
3.1. Work
3.2. Internal energy
3.3. Joule's experiment. Heat. Statement of the first principle
3.4. Caloric equation of state. Calorific capacities
3.5. Ideal gas
4. Second principle
4.1. Thermal machines. Kelvin and Clausius statements
4.2. Carnot's theorem. Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
4.3. Clausius' theorem. Entropy
4.4. Useful work
4.5. Gibbs equation. TdS equations
5. Thermodynamic potentials
5.1. The fundamental equation
5.2. Euler's form of internal energy. The Gibbs–Duhem Equation
5.3. Legendre transform. Thermodynamic potentials
5.4. Maxwell's Relationship to a Fluid
5.5. Stability conditions
6. Phase transitions
6.1.Diagrams P-V , P-μ and P-T . Clapeyron and Clausius–Clapeyron equations
6.1. Vapor-condensed phase equilibrium
6.2. The critical point
6.3. Ehrenfest classification of phase transitions
7. Third principle
7.1. Nernst postulate
7.2. Planck's postulate
7.3. Inaccessibility of absolute zero
8. Real gases
8.1. Compressibility factor. The virial expansion
8.2. Law of the corresponding states
8.3. Gas liquefaction: Joule and Joule-Kelvin expansions
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teaching lectures | 42 | 1.68 | CM26, KM29, SM22 |
| Seminars | 8 | 0.32 | CM26, CM27, KM29, SM22 |
| Study | 83 | 3.32 | CM26, KM29, SM22 |
1. IN-PERSON ACTIVITIES
1.1. Lectures
Lectures will be taught by the theory professor, where the concepts, developments, and basic principles of the course will be presented.
1.2. Problem Solving Classes
The problem instructor will solve some of the problems from the collection in class, which students will have been required to attempt beforehand.
We will also try to use group work and alternative discussion formats.
1.3. Seminars
There will be up to four seminars where the students will work a problem which will be evaluated
1.4. Tutoring Sessions
If instruction is hybrid, review sessions for theory and problems will be held for the topics that students have studied online.
2. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES
We estimate that students should dedicate 2 hours of study for every hour of lecture.
3. SURVEYS
15 minutes of one class, within the schedule established by the institution/program, will be reserved for students to complete the faculty performance and course evaluation surveys.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First part exam | 35% | 3 | 0.12 | CM26, KM29, SM22 |
| Second part exam | 35% | 3 | 0.12 | CM26, KM29, SM22 |
| Final exam | 70% | 3 | 0.12 | CM26, KM29, SM22 |
| Seminar task | 30% | 8 | 0.32 | CM26, CM27, KM29, SM22 |
Midterm Exams
Two midterm exams will be held. The first midterm will cover the material from the first half of the course, while the second will cover the remainder. If the average score on the midterms is below a 4, the student will be required to take the final exam to make up for this graded component. Students may not take the final exam unless they have first taken the midterm exams.
Final Exam/Make-up
Only students who have taken both midterms and have an average score below 4, or students who have passed the midterms and wish to improve their grade, may take the final exam/make-up. In the latter case, the higher of the two grades will be kept. (average of the midterms or make-up exam)
Seminar Assignments
Problems solved during the seminars will be graded and will count toward the final grade for the course. This graded component is not recoverable.
Final Grade
The final grade for the course is calculated based on the specified percentages, provided the student has passed the midterm(s) or the final exam. The final grade will be 70% of the final exam/midterm average plus 30% of the problems solved in the seminars if the final exam grade is 4 or higher. Otherwise, the student will fail.
Did Not Present
A student will be considered DID NOT PRESENT if they do not sit for any exam, or if they sit for only one of the two midterm exams and do not sit for the final exam. All other cases will be considered PRESENTED, i.e., if they sat for both midterms, if they sat for only the final/make-up exam, or if they sat for one of the midterms and the final.
Single Assessment
Students who have opted for the single assessment mode must take a final exam consisting of a problem-based test. Upon completion, they will submit the problems worked on during the seminars, which will be posted on the virtual campus and are the same ones that other students will have submitted in each seminar.
These exams will be held on the same day, time, and at the same location as the second midterm for the continuous assessment mode.
The final grade will be 70% of the exam score plus 30% of the seminar problems if the final exam score is 4.0 or higher. If the test score is less than 4.0 or if the final grade calculated above is less than 5, the student has another opportunity to pass the course through a make-up exam, which will be held on a date set by the program coordinator. The final grade will be recalculated as before: if the make-up exam grade is 4.0 or higher, the final grade will be 70% of the exam plus 30% of the seminar problems.
Use of AI
In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is not permitted in any of its phases. Any graded activity that includes AI-generated passages will be considered an act of academic dishonesty and may result in a partial or full penalty on the activity's grade, or more severe sanctions in more serious cases.
Irregularities on Assessments
The commission of any irregularity on an assessment (academic fraud, plagiarism, or improper use of AI), which could lead to a significant change in the grade, will result in a grade of 0 for that assessment. In the event that multiple irregularities occur in the assessments for the same course, the final grade for that course will be 0. Additionally, disciplinary action may be taken against any student who commits any of these irregularities.
Bibliography
- P. Faísca, A concise introduction to thermodynamics for physicists, CRC Press, 2023
- M. Criado-Sancho y J. Casas-Vázquez, Termodinámica química y de los procesos irreversibles, Pearson/Addison Wesley, Madrid, segona edició, 2004.
- D. Kondepudi, I. Prigogine. Modern thermodynamics. Wiley, 1998
- M.W. Zemansky y R.H. Dittman, Calor y Termodinámica, McGraw-Hill, Madrid, 1990.
- C.J. Adkins, Termodinámica del equilibrio, Reverté, Barcelona, 1977.
- P.W. Atkins, La Segunda ley, Prensa científica, Barcelona 1992.
Software
There are no programs in this course
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 1 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 1 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (TE) Theory | 2 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 2 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 11 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 12 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 21 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (SEM) Seminars | 22 | Catalan | second semester | morning-mixed |