
Semiconductor Devices
Code: 106815Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Nanoscience and Nanotechnology | OB | 3 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Xavier Oriols Pladevall
- Email :
- xavier.oriols@uab.cat
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
Basic knowledge is required in:
- Basic electrostatics (concepts of field, electric potential, etc.). It is recommended to have passed the subject General Physics.
- Mathematics (complex numbers, basic differential equations, etc.). It is recommended to have passed first and second-year mathematics subjects.
- Quantum mechanics (time-independent Schrödinger equation). It is recommended to have passed the subject Quantum Phenomena I.
- Crystallography (lattice periodicity, primitive cell, real and reciprocal space). It is recommended to have passed the subject Crystallography.
- Circuit theory (analysis of linear circuits with resistors, capacitors, and inductors). It is highly recommended to have passed the subject Electronic Instrumentation.
- Basic programming (Matlab or Python to compute eigenstates and eigenvalues of a matrix). It is recommended to have passed the subject Computing and Programming Tools.
Objectives
The main objectives are:
- Understand the characteristics of the solid state: periodic structures, electronic states and energy bands, lattice vibrations (phonons).
- Acquire understanding and mastery of the physical principles of electronic transport in semiconductors, as well as of the most common electronic devices and their fabrication technologies.
- Relate device performance, circuit behavior, and fabrication processes using analytical physical models, numerical simulations, compact models, and circuit-level solutions.
Learning outcomes
- CM16 (Use knowledge of physics to solve problems on the nanoscale.) Use knowledge of physics to solve problems on the nanoscale.
- CM17 (Propose solutions to problems in the field of nanotechnology relating the performance of materials and devices with their manufacturing processes.) Propose solutions to problems in the field of nanotechnology relating the performance of materials and devices with their manufacturing processes.
- KM28 (Describe the fundamental laws of physics that allow us to understand how the main semiconductor devices work and their application.) Describe the fundamental laws of physics that allow us to understand how the main semiconductor devices work and their application.
- SM25 (Design basic electronic devices by selecting the appropriate manufacturing technology for the desired electrical specifications.) Design basic electronic devices by selecting the appropriate manufacturing technology for the desired electrical specifications.
- SM26 (Use characterisation and simulation techniques to investigate the performance of electronic devices.) Use characterisation and simulation techniques to investigate the performance of electronic devices.
- SM28 (Gather, summarise and present results and conclusions of scientific publications.) Gather, summarise and present results and conclusions of scientific publications.
Contents
Topic 1. Solid State Physics
1.1 Energy quantization in simple systems
1.2 Bloch’s Theorem. E-k band structure in periodic systems. Effective mass
1.3 Lattice vibrations. Phonons
Topic 2. Electronic Transport in Semiconductors
2.1 Band structure: insulators, metals, and semiconductors
2.2 Equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. Fermi statistics
2.3 E-x band structures in devices. Charges and electric fields
2.4 Semi-classical conduction model: drift and diffusion current
Topic 3. PN Junction Diode
3.1 Electrostatics of the PN junction at equilibrium
3.2 PN junction out of equilibrium. Currents
3.3 LEDs, semiconductor lasers, PIN diodes, and solar cells
3.4 Basic circuit applications with diodes
Topic 4. MOSFET Transistor
4.1 Structure and operation of the MOSFET transistor
4.2 Types of transistors and current-voltage curves
4.3 Basic circuit applications: logic gates, amplifiers, CMOS circuits
Topic 5. From Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics
5.1 More Moore. MOSFET scaling. High-K dielectrics. Short-channel effects
5.2 Beyond CMOS: Tunnel devices, quantum dots, graphene, molecular electronics, quantum technologies
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resolution of problems | 20 | 0.8 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26, SM28 |
| Lectures | 30 | 1.2 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25 |
| Preparation of the sessions of Laboratory | 20 | 0.8 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26 |
| Tutorials | 5 | 0.2 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26, SM28 |
| Laboratory sessions | 15 | 0.6 | SM25, SM26, SM28 |
| Problem seminar | 15 | 0.6 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26, SM28 |
| Study | 27 | 1.08 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26, SM28 |
Guided activities
- Lectures: The instructor will explain the topics using (i) slides available in advance on the virtual campus, and (ii) complementary exercises or explanations on the classroom board.
- Problem seminars: The instructor will solve sample problems.
- Laboratory sessions: Before each session, students must prepare and submit a pre-lab report (in English). At the end of the session, a post-lab report (in English) completed during the session must be submitted.
Supervised activities
- Tutorials: Outside regular class hours, students may seek help from theory, problem, or lab instructors to clarify any doubts. The use of this resource is highly recommended.
Autonomous activities
- Study: Independent study of each topic is essential.
- Problem solving: Students are strongly encouraged to attempt the exercises before class.
Laboratory preparation: As mentioned, students must prepare and submit a pre-lab report before each lab session.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd partial exam | 35 | 4 | 0.16 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26, SM28 |
| 1st partial exam | 35% | 4 | 0.16 | CM16, CM17, KM28, SM25, SM26, SM28 |
| Laboratory sessions for each topic | 30% | 10 | 0.4 | SM25, SM26, SM28 |
A. Three Types of Assessment
1. Assessment of Individual Theory Exams
The assessment of the course will include two individual midterm theory examinations taken during the semester. Each examination will account for 35% of the final grade (70% in total). A minimum mark of 5/10 must be obtained in each of the two examinations to pass this component.
Students must identify themselves with their National ID card (DNI) or an equivalent official identification document before sitting any examination.
2. Assessment of Laboratory Work
Laboratory sessions are mandatory. During each laboratory session, students working in groups must complete a questionnaire, which will be assessed by the instructor. The only exception is the SPICE simulation sessions, for which students must submit a laboratory report at the beginning of the following laboratory session.
The laboratory grade, which cannot be retaken, accounts for 30% of the final grade. A minimum mark of 5/10 is required for the laboratory component to be considered in the final assessment.
Students repeating the course who have successfully completed the laboratory sessions during any of the previous three academic years will not be required to repeat them, provided that they explicitly request recognition of the previous laboratory grade. In such cases, the previously obtained laboratory mark will be retained.
3. Resit Assessment
Students who do not obtain the minimum required mark in one or both individual theory examinations (Section 1) will be entitled to a resit examination, provided they have completed and passed the laboratory work.
The resit examination may be taken to:
- retake the first midterm examination (35% of the final grade),
- retake the second midterm examination (35% of the final grade), or
- retake both examinations (70% of the final grade).
In all cases, students must obtain a minimum mark of 5/10 in the corresponding resit examination(s) for the mark(s) to be combined with the laboratory grade.
Students who have already passed the individual theory examinations may also take the resit examination(s) in order to improve their grade. In this case, the final mark for the corresponding examination will be the higher of the original mark and the resit mark.
B. Procedure for Determining the Final Grade
- Students who achieve the minimum required mark in both Section 1 (individual theory examinations) and Section 2 (laboratory work) will obtain their final course grade by applying the corresponding assessment weights.
- Students who fail to achieve the minimum required mark in any compulsory assessment component will not pass the course. In this case, if the weighted mark for the theory examinations is below 5.0, that mark will be recorded as the final course grade. If the weighted theory mark is 5.0 or higher, the final course grade will be 4.5 (Fail).
- This course does not offer a single-assessment option.
- For every assessment activity, the date, time and location of the grade review session will be announced. During this session, students may review their assessed work and submit any grade appeals to the course instructors. Students who do not attend the scheduled review session will not be entitled to request a later review.
- The awarding of Honours (MatrĂcula d'Honor) is at the discretion of the course instructors. According to UAB regulations, Honours may only be awarded to students obtaining a final grade of 9.0 or above, and may not exceed 5% of the students enrolled in the course. Grades obtained in resit examinations will not be considered for the award of Honours.
- The grade "Not Assessed" (No Avaluable) will only be awarded to students who have not taken either of the individual theory examinations nor the resit examination.
- Laboratory schedules and submission deadlines will be published on the Virtual Campus and may be modified for organizational reasons or unforeseen circumstances. Any changes will be communicated through the Virtual Campus, which is considered the official communication channel between instructors and students.
- Without prejudice to any additional disciplinary measures that may apply under current academic regulations, any academic misconduct committed by a student (see Section C) that may affect the grading of an assessment activity will result in a mark of zero for that activity. Such activities cannot be retaken. If passing that activity is required to pass the course, the student will automatically fail the course, with no possibility of recovery during the same academic year.
C. Academic Misconduct Resulting in Failure of the Course
The following, among others, will be considered academic misconduct:
- copying all or part of a laboratory exercise, report, or any other assessment activity;
- allowing another student to copy;
- submitting group work that has not been completed entirely by the members of the group;
- submitting, as one's own work, materials produced by third parties, including translations or adaptations, or, more generally, work containing material that is neither original nor produced by the student;
- having communication devices (mobile phones, smartwatches, etc.) accessible during individual theory examinations;
- talking to other students during individual theory examinations;
- copying or attempting to copy from other students during individual theory examinations;
- using or attempting to use notes or any other course-related material during individual theory examinations when such material has not been explicitly authorized.
In future editions of the course, students who commit academic misconduct in any assessment activity will not receive credit for any previously passed assessment components.
In summary, copying, allowing others to copy, plagiarism, or attempting any of these actions in any assessment activity will result in an automatic fail for the course, with no possibility of compensation or recognition of any course components in future academic years.
D. Use of Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is not permitted in any assessment activity of this course. Any work containing material generated using AI tools will be considered a breach of academic integrity and may result in a partial or total reduction of the grade for the assessment activity, as well as additional disciplinary sanctions in more serious cases..
Bibliography
Core references
- C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons
- N. W. Ashcroft & N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, Saunders College
- L. Prats Viñas & J. Calderer Cardona, Dispositius electrònics i fotònics. Fonaments, Edicions UPC, 2001
- P. Horowitz & W. Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press (1989)
Supplementary bibliography – Electronic Devices
(Modular Series on Solid State Devices, Addison-Wesley)
- R. F. Pierret, Semiconductor Fundamentals (1988) / Fundamentos de semiconductores (1994)
- G. W. Neudeck, The PN Junction Diode (1989) / El diodo PN de unión (1993)
- G. W. Neudeck, The Bipolar Junction Transistor (1989) / El transistor bipolar de unión (1994)
- R. F. Pierret, Field Effect Devices (1990) / Dispositivos de efecto de campo (1994)
Supplementary bibliography – Nanoelectronic Devices
- Rainer Waser (Ed.), Nanoelectronics and Information Technology, Wiley-VCH
Web Resources
Software
The software PSPICE for circuit simulation will be used
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 1 | English | first semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 1 | English | first semester | afternoon |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 1 | English | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 2 | English | first semester | morning-mixed |
| (PLAB) Practical laboratories | 3 | English | first semester | morning-mixed |