Learning outcomes

1. Analyse, synthesise and resolve problems and make decisions.
2. Apply scientific method to professional practice, including medicine
3. Apply ethical values that govern the behavior of veterinarians in clinical practice in relations with other veterinarians.
4. Defend the ethical values that determine the decision making in diagnostic procedures, medical or surgical treatment or any medical procedure, subject to the rights of animals and their owners.
5. Diagnose and treat the main traumatology and orthopaedic disorders in small animals and equines.
6. Recognise the moment when a case needs to be passed to a specialist for diagnosis and/or treatment, and if required, or not, an urgent examination.
7. Interpret the results of diagnostic tests (analytical tests, X-rays, echography, endoscopy, PCR, serology...) that are fundamental for advanced diagnosis in the medication and surgery of small, equine and exotic animals.
8. Explain the general principles of the medical and surgical treatments of traumatology and orthopaedic disorders in small, equine and exotic animals.
9. Define the general principles of special surgery (thoracic, tumours, special surgery of the digestive system...).
10. Properly apply knowledge acquired on sedation and pain therapy to interventions in the nervous system, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics, and special surgery.
11. Apply and interpret control and surveillance systems in ICU, hospitalisation and surgery, specifically in complex interventions on animals with serious disorders of the general state or interventions in neurology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics or special surgery.
12. Fill in anamnesis and exploration records in all clinical specialities.
13. Realise complete basic examinations in different clinical specialities (dermatology, neurology, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics...).
14. Define the problems found in physical examinations or clinical record of an animal, and produce a list of problems, differential diagnosis and the diagnostic protocol in all clinical specialities and for different species.
15. Fill in reports on surgical and diagnostic techniques used on patients.
16. Handle different autochthonous wildlife species in a safe way for them and the veterinarian.
17. Hold animals when performing examinations, caring or taking samples in a way that causes the minimum possible stress and be able to explain to other people how to do the same.
18. Identify the biopsy techniques that can be applied for obtaining samples of different organs and tissues.
19. Recognise personal limitations and know when to ask for professional advice and help.
20. Perform a hemogram and blood test with emergency equipment, and recognise the limitations of these systems and defend interpretations.
21. Show responsibility regarding the need to perform necessary complementary tests on the patient and know how to evaluate the meaning and integrate it in the evolution of hospitalised patients of different species.
22. Perform differential diagnoses and diagnostic plans, taking into account the available complementary techniques applied to all clinical specialities and different species.
23. Properly use all radiographic protection measures and describe applicable legislation.
24. Determine the ideal positions to obtain radiographic images of the different pathological processes and X-rays and use and apply contrast methods in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
25. Apply the concepts acquired for recognition and manipulation of instruments, manipulation of tissues, haemostasis, drainage and sutures, as well as helping effectively in surgical interventions recognising the typical instruments of surgical specialities (traumatology and orthopaedics, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology, neurology, exotic...).
26. Properly treat wounds (cleansing, debridement and additional cures) and apply basic bandages.
27. Adequately close surgical wounds of different considerations.
28. Perform the basic surgical procedures of different clinical specialities and take samples in small, equine, exotic and zoo animals.
29. Evaluate whether the concepts of asepsis-antisepsis, preparation of surgery and preparation of the surgical patient and the material and instruments to be used have integrated properly, along with their application to the operating theatre depending on the type of intervention and the animal species.
30. Monitor animals during surgical and/or anaesthetic recovery in different species, including wildlife.
31. Objectively evaluate the pain of sick animals and decide on the analgesia scheme depending on the species, age, location and cause of the pain and the state of the patient.
32. Plan the most suitable anaesthetic protocol depending on the animal species and the general state of the patient, as well as the type of intervention required.
33. Properly calculate the doses of medicine for different animal species. Know the limitations of some drugs depending on the species or even the breed, as well as the specific contraindications.
34. Recognise the adverse effects that different medications can cause and observe established pharmacovigilance legislation
35. Recognise the disorders that require urgent assistance and know how to prioritise them by severity.
36. Recognise the main problems that will require emergency surgery.
37. Identify and treat the processes that affect the reproduction apparatus of male and females in small, equine and exotic animals.
38. Care for neonates after delivery or a caesarean.
39. Properly apply euthanasia to small, equine and exotic animals.
40. Identify the conditions in which euthanasia is the only possible option, or the most suitable, depending on the general state of the sick animal and appropriately propose this to the owners.