Learning outcomes

1. Identify the ethical bases for decision-making in the field of surgery.
2. Transmit the information on the surgical procedure to be performed and draw up a document of informed consent.
3. Manage the information available and set levels of discussion in multidisciplinary groups.
4. Back decision-making with the best scientific evidence.
5. Anticipate and compare information for good decision-making.
6. Participate in the whole process of patient-care, from diagnosis to aftercare.
7. Justify decisions taken based on the information obtained.
8. Enumerate the alarm signs that require urgent attention to the patient.
9. Identify emergency situations and establish an order of priorities.
10. Distinguish the implications of different interventions regarding functional and morphological changes.
11. Describe the mechanisms of action of physical and chemical agents on the organism.
12. Further investigate the risk factors of morbidity and mortality in operations.
13. Make a critical analysis of the objectives to be achieved with surgery, contrasting this with the adverse effects that may be involved.
14. Encourage the search for answers to the questions that arise during surgery.
15. Critique original or review scientific papers.
16. Evaluate the appropriate scientific methodology for a biomedical paper.
17. Use the specific bibliographic sources that will help to develop further one's knowledge.
18. Build diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms based on the best scientific evidence, taking into account the facilities available.
19. Establish a working hypothesis and its objectives.
20. Choose the best possible research design to respond to the hypothesis put forward.
21. Define the statistical methodological bases.
22. Formulate and discuss the results obtained.
23. Present results orally or in writing.
24. Identify funding sources and set up a budget.
25. Obtain the most important data, both on the illness being treated and on factors influencing morbidity and mortality.
26. Adapt the therapy procedure and the surgical technique, if appropriate, in accordance with the available data.
27. Approach the physical examination not only from the diagnostic perspective, but also the therapeutic perspective, with special emphasis on surgical procedures.
28. Use the scales that assess the general (physical and mental) state of the patient.
29. Integrate all pre-operative information for decision-making.
30. Calculate the surgical risk indices, both general and by apparatus, and adjust the indications accordingly.
31. Categorise emergency situations in accordance with the available indices of seriousness.
32. Perform the initial assessment automatically and acknowledge the actions that require an immediate response.
33. Distinguish the bases of the different surgical specialisations to integrate and lead the treatment in acute and chronic patients with multiple conditions.
34. Estimate the risks and benefits of the various therapy options.
35. Provide clear, comprehensible information on the therapy options to patients and their families.
36. Choose a therapy option in accordance with available information and patient preference.
37. Recognise when a patient is in the terminal phase and avoid therapeutic obstination.
38. Identify all prophylactic measures to reduce indices of morbidity and mortality to the minimum.
39. Provide the bases for preparing clinical guides and constructing diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms.
40. Apply basic surgical manoeuvres in practice with simulated models.
41. Gather information and select the most important facts about the patient, both in normal visits and emergencies.
42. Transmit information clearly and accurately, leaving no room for possible misunderstandings.
43. Establish rapport as the first important step in all medical procedures, both in elective and emergent situations and leave a written record of the information transmitted and the wishes of the patient.
44. Describe biomedical bibliographic databases and ways to filter the information provided.
45. Choose content in accordance with the rules of evidence-based medicine.
46. Identify the legal bases for creating, maintaining and using databases that contain medical information.
47. Maintain and sharpen one's professional competence, in particular by independently learning new material and techniques and by focusing on quality.
48. Convey knowledge and techniques to professionals working in other fields.
49. Be able to work in an international context.
50. Demonstrate, in professional activity, a perspective that is critical, creative and research-oriented.
51. Formulate hypotheses and compile and critically assess information for problem-solving, using the scientific method.
52. Demonstrate basic research skills.
53. Use information and communication technologies in professional practice.
54. Acknowledge the importance of research to medical progress.