
Milk and Dairy Products
Code: 102648Credits: 6
| Degree programme | Type | Course |
|---|---|---|
| Food Science and Technology | OP | 4 |
| Veterinary Medicine | OP | 5 |
Contact lecturer
- Name :
- Antonio José Trujillo Mesa
- Email :
- toni.trujillo@uab.cat
Teaching staff
- Marta Capellas Puig
- Manuel Castillo Zambudio
- Eduard Grau Noguer
- Bibiana Juan Godoy
- Idoia Codina Torrella
Group languages
You can consult this information at the end of the document.
Prerequisites
This course is an optional multi-purpose subject since it can be taken by the students of the CTA degree (4th year) and the Veterinary degree (5th year). Although there are no official prerequisites, it is advisable that the student has taken the following subjects in CTA degree (Food processing methods I and II, Pilot plant practices) and Veterinary degree (Food Science, Food Technology and Food Safety and Inspection).
Objectives
The course of Science and Technology of Milk is an optional subject and belongs to the subject Food Technology. This course has the purpose of orientating towards the specialization in future professional activities, and it complements the courses of Food Processing Methods I and II, and Pilot Plant Practices. The general objective of the course is that the student achieves a profound training in the dairy industry, able to respond to the qualification demanded by the job market.
Objectives of the course:
- To identify the main structures and components of milk, relating their functions, characteristics and possible interactions
- To apply and understand the different treatments to which the milk can be subjected from the moment it is extracted from the animal producer until it reaches the consumer
- To apply knowledge of the milk science to the processes of obtaining milk and milk products to determine and analyze the possible causes of deterioration and how to avoid it, as well as the alterations produced to the main components of milk by the technological treatments applied and storage, to prevent and control deterioration reactions
- To establish and understand the production processes of different types of milk and milk products, and know their characteristics, composition and technology.
Learning outcomes
- Analyse, summarise, resolve problems and make professional decisions.
- Apply the scientific method to resolving problems.
- Search for, manage and interpret information from different sources.
- Use IT resources for communication, the search for information within the field of study, data processing and calculations.
- Communicate effectively with both professional and non-professional audiences, orally and in writing, in the first language and/or in English.
- Develop individual learning strategies and planning and organisation skills.
- Recognise the changes, spoilage and adulterations that can affect milk, meat, fish products, eggs, vegetables and products deriving from these, and also products made in group catering businesses.
- Select processes of conservation, transformation, transport and storage that are suited to foods of animal and plant origin.
- Apply the technological processes that are specific to milk and dairy products, meat and meat derivatives, fish products, egg products and vegetable products, and understand the modifications to the final product that these processes make.
- Work effectively in single or multidisciplinary teams and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity for the work of others.
- Communicate information obtained during professional exercise in a fluid manner, orally and in writing, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general.
- Recognise the dangers to milk, meat, fishing products, eggs, plants and derived products, as well as products made in collective catering establishments, and evaluate the risk involved for different consumers.
- Recognise the changes, alterations and adulterations suffered by milk, meat, fishing products, eggs, plants and derived products, as well as products made in collective catering establishments.
- Apply suitable methodologies and tests to evaluate the salubriousness of milk, meat, fishing products, eggs, plants and derived products, as well as products made in collective catering establishments.
- Distinguish the main environmental risks related with the companies in the dairy, meat, fishing and aquaculture, eggs and egg product and fruit and vegetable sectors, as well as collective catering establishments and apply the most suitable measures for their control.
- Apply specific technological processes to the preparation of milk and dairy products, meat and derived products, and fishing, egg and plant products, and understand the modifications derived from the application of these processes to the finished product.
- Foresee and resolve specific problems in these industries.
Contents
Block I. Milk science
History and current situation of the dairy industry. General characteristics of milk. Milk microbiology. Major and minor components (proteins, lipids, lactose and other carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, ...). Goat and sheep milks
Block II. Milk technology
Milk treatments at the farm. Initial treatments of milk at the industry. Pasteurization and sterilization. Concentrated and dehydrated milks. Modifications related to the initial treatments, produced by thermal treatments and by concentration and dehydration technologies.
Block III. Technology of dairy products
Cream, butter, ice cream, smoothies and desserts. Milk coagulation. Yogurt and other fermented milks. Cheese. Dairy industry by-products (whey cheese, buttermilk, …). Caseins, caseinates, whey proteins and coprecipitates.
Block IV. Current trends in the dairy products market
Milk and special dairy products (lactose-free, with vitamins, with functional products, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotic, milk formula, ...).
PRACTICE PROGRAM
P1 Milk standardization. Cream and butter (4 h)
P2 Ice cream elaboration (4 h)
P3. Elaboration of ripened cheese (4 h)
P4 Yogurt preparation and analysis (3 h)
SEMINARS PROGRAM
CASES (ABP: problem-based learning)
S1 Resolution and discussion of cases (3 h)
S2. Resolution and discussion of cases (3 h)
The distribution and presentation of the cases will be done in class and the follow-up of the cases by tutorials.
Learning activities and methodology
| Title | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilot Plant Practices | 15 | 0.6 | 8, 9, 16 |
| Self-learning | 40 | 1.6 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 |
| Visit to dairies | 2 | 0.08 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 |
| Seminars | 6 | 0.24 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17 |
| Evaluation | 4 | 0.16 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 |
| Tutorials | 5 | 0.2 | 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 |
| Study | 44 | 1.76 | 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 |
| Theoretical classes | 30 | 1.2 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16 |
1. Theoretical classes
The student acquires the scientific knowledge of the subject by attending the lectures (master classes) and complementing them with the personal study of the topics explained. These classes are the activities in which less interaction is required of the student since they are conceived as a fundamentally unidirectional method of transmitting the knowledge of the teacher to the student.
2. Seminars and Self-Learning Work (ABP: problem-based learning)
The seminars are designed to discuss and resolve doubts and learn more about the subject. Throughout the course, cases related to milk and dairy products will be considered. These cases will be developed through the following work scheme: presentation and assignment of the cases to be solved, follow-up of the cases by tutoring, and resolution of the case by oral presentation. These cases will be developed through 2 seminars.
3. Pilot plant practices
The part of practical development of this subject will be done in small groups at the pilot plant of Food Technology. The objective of the practical classes is to complete, apply and reinforce the knowledge acquired to the theoretical classes. The students will realize the practical sessions based on a script that previously they will have to read. Based on the knowledge acquired from the pilot plant, the results obtained and the bibliography provided by the professors, the student will have to answer and deliver questionnaires about the practices of the pilot plant in order to determine the practical contents.
4. Visits to dairies
The visits to the companies are of great educational importance in that they rely on techniques and materials for learning, influencing very positively in the improvement of learning, as well as in the motivation of the students. Throughout the academic year, one or two visits to dairies will be planned.
Assessment
Continuous assessment activities
| Title | Weight | Hours | ECTS | Learning outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative activities (PBL seminars, results of pilot plant practices, and small self-learning work) | 45% (20% practices, 20% PBL and 5% small self-learning work) | 1 | 0.04 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 |
| Partial control of Block I and global control including all blocks, cases and practices | 55% (15% partial control and 40% global control) | 3 | 0.12 | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 |
The competences of this subject will be evaluated by:
- An individual control I of the contents of the thematic Block I by examining by short-medium development or test questions, with a weight of 15% of the final grade. This control will eliminate the material from a grade of 5 points in the exam.
- An individual control II of the Blocks contents (II-IV, Block I too, if grade in Control I is<5 points) by examining medium development question, with a weight of 40% of the final grade.
- Self-learning work. The group of students that will present and defend the proposed cases will be evaluated. Each student will participate in the resolution of a case that will weigh 20% of the final grade. To obtain this note it is essential that the student has participated in the oral presentation of the assigned subject as well as having attended the two case resolution seminars which will be subject of examination. Also for each of the thematic blocks I, II and III will be a small individual self-learning work in class that will be corrected by pairs and will have a global weight of 5% of the final grade.
- The evaluation of pilot plant practices and the questionnaire of these practices will have a weight of 20% of the grade and are subject of examination. To obtain this note it is essential to have completed all the practices that are compulsory and have delivered the questionnaire included in each practice to the corresponding teacher. Two of these unrealized practices, at most, can be recovered through works assigned by the professor responsible for the practices and delivered before the individual global control.
To pass the subject an average of 5 points (1-10 score) is requested, taking into account these minimums:
- A minimum of 5 points (1-10 score) in the individual exam controls
- A minimum of 5 points (1-10 score) in cooperative activities
- It is generally considered that a student is not evaluable if he has participated inevaluation activities that represent ≤15% of thefinal grade.
Students who choose the single evaluation option must do the pilot plant practices (PPP) and the case resolution seminars (SEM) in classroom sessions and it is a requirement to pass them, and the evaluation and contribution on the final mark of these will be the same as those of the continuous evaluation (PPP 20%, SEM 20%).
The single evaluation consists of a single synthesis test (with medium-length questions to be developed) on the contents of the whole theory programme (Blocks I-IV, and of the practices).
The mark obtained in the synthesis test is 60% of the final mark of the subject, the mark obtained in the practical exercises 20%, and the seminars the remaining 20%.
The single evaluation test will be held on the same date set in the calendar for the last continuous evaluation test and the same recuperation and review of grades system will be applied, as well as the same non-assessable criteria as for the continuous evaluation.
Students who choose the single evaluation must submit all the evidences together on the same day as the day set for the synthesis test.
In order to pass the course, a minimum final grade of 5 points out of 10 must be obtained in each of the parts (synthesis test, PPP and SEM).
In this course, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted as an integral part of the development of the assignment, provided that the final result reflects a significant contribution by the student in terms of analysis and personal reflection. The student must clearly identify which parts have been generated using this technology, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these tools have influenced the process and the final outcome of the activity. Lack of transparency regarding the use of AI will be considered a breach of academic honesty and may result in a penalty in the grade for the activity, or more serious sanctions in severe cases.
Any irregularity committed in an assessment activity (including academic misconduct, plagiarism or improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorised in the course guide), that may lead to a significant change in the grade will result in that assessment activity being graded as 0. If the course guide establishes that, in order to pass the course, it is essential to have obtained a minimum grade in that assessment activity, or if several irregularities occur in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for that course will be 0. In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.
Bibliography
ANÓNIMO. (1997). La matière grasse laitière. Arilait Recherches, París.
ALAIS, CH. (1985). Ciencia y tecnología de la leche. Principios de técnica lechera. Editorial Reverté, Barcelona.
AMIOT, J. (1991). Ciencia y tecnología de la leche: principios y aplicaciones. Acribia, Zaragoza.
CARIC, M. (1994). Concentrated and dried dairy products. VCH, Nueva York.
CAYOT, Ph., LORIENT, D. (1998). Structures et technofonctions des protéines du lait. TEC & DOC-Lavoisier, París.
EARLY, R. (2000). Tecnología de los productos lácteos. Acribia, Zaragoza.
ECK. A. (1990). El queso. Omega, Barcelona.
FOX, P.F., McSWEENEY, L.H. (2003). Advanced dairy chemistry. Vol. I. Proteins. Part A and B. Kluwer Academic/Plenum: Springer, cop., Nueva York.
FOX, P.F. McSWEENEY, L.H. (2006). Advanced dairy chemistry:. Vol. II. Lipids Kluwer Academic/Plenum: Springer, cop., Nueva York.
FOX, P.F. (2004). Cheese: chemistry, physics and microbiology. Vol. 1. General aspects. Vol. 2. Major cheese groups. Elsevier Academics, Amsterdam.
FOX, P.F. (2000). Fundamentals of cheese science. Aspen, Gaithersburg.
FOX, P.F., McSWEENEY, L.H. (1998). Dairy chemistry and biochemistry. Blackie Academic & Professional, Londres.
JENNES, R., WALSTRA, P. (1984). Dairy chemistry and physics. Wiley & Sons, Nueva York.
LUQUET, F.M. (1991). Leche y productos lácteos. Vaca-oveja-cabra. Vol. 1. De la mama a la lechería. Acribia, Zaragoza.
LUQUET, F.M. (1993). Leche y productos lácteos. Vaca-oveja-cabra. Vol. 2. Los productos lácteos. Transformación y tecnologías. Acribia, Zaragoza.
MADRID, A., CENZANO, I. (1994). Tecnología de la elaboración de los helados. AMV, Madrid.
MARTH, E.H., STEELE, J.L. (1998). Applied dairy microbiology. Marcel Dekker, Nueva York.
MATHIEU, J. (1998). Initiation à la physicochimie du lait. TEC & DOC-Lavoisier, París.
PARK, Y.W., HAENLEIN, G. F. W. (2006). Handbook of milk of non-bovine mammals. Blackwell Pub Professional, Ames.
ROBINSON, R.K. (2002). Dairy microbiology handbook : the microbiology of milk and milk products. Wiley & Sons, Nueva York.
ROBINSON, R., WILBEY, R. (2002). Fabricación de queso. Acribia, Zaragoza.
ROGINSKI, H., FUQUAY, J.W., FOX, P.F. (2002). Encyclopedia of dairy sciences. Academic Press, Londres.
SCOTT, R. (1991). Fabricación de queso. Acribia, Zaragoza.
STOGO, M. (1998). Ice cream and frozen desserts: a commercial guide to production and marketing. John Wiley & Sons, Nueva York.
TAMINE, A.Y., ROBINSON, R.K. (1999). Yogur: science and technology. Woodhead, Cambridge.
VARNAM, A.H., SUTHERLAND, J.P. (1995). Leche y productos lácteos. Tecnología, química y microbiología. Acribia, Zaragoza.
VEISSEYRE, R. (1988). Lactología técnica. Acribia, Zaragoza.
WALSTRA, P., GEURTS, T.J., NOOMEN, A., JELLMA, A., Van BOEDEL, M. (2001). Ciencia de la leche y tecnología de los productos lácteos. Editorial Acribia, Zaragoza.
WALSTRA, P., JENNESS, R., BANDINGS, H. T. (1987). Química y física lactológica. Acribia, Zaragoza.
WEHR, H.M., FRANK, J.F. (2004). Standard methods for the examination of dairy products. American Public Health Association, Washington.
Electronic resources
A.O.A.C. Official methods of analysis http://www.eoma.aoac.org/
Llibres electrònics http://www.knovel.com/web/portal/browse/subject/60/filter/0/
Science Direct https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book
Scopus http://www.scopus.com/home.url
Journal of Dairy Research http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=dar
Journal of Dairy Science http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/
International Dairy Journal http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-dairy-journal/
Dairy Science and Technology (Le Lait) https://www.springer.com/food+science/journal/13594
ILE, Industrias Lácteas Españolas http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=2831
Milchwissenschaft http://www.milkscience.de/menu-top/about-the-journal/
Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (2002) https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780122272356/encyclopedia-of-dairy-sciences
Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (2011) https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780123744074/encyclopedia-of-dairy-sciences
Websites of interest
American Dairy Science Association http://www.adsa.org
Center for Dairy Research Universidad de Wisconsin http://www.cdr.wisc.edu
Codex Alimentarius Commission https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/international-affairs/us-codex-alimentarius/Codex+Alimentarius+Commission
Directorate General for Health & Consumers http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/index_en.htm
European Dairy Association http://eda.euromilk.org
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) http://www.efsa.europa.eu/
Food andDrug Administration (FDA) http://www.fda.gov
International Dairy Federation (IDF-FIL) https://www.fil-idf.org/
Software
No softwares will be used.
Course groups and languages
The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE
| Type of teaching | Group | Language | Semester | Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (TE) Theory | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | afternoon |
| (PAUL) Classroom practices | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PPP) Pràctiques en planta pilot de tecnologia dels aliments | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (VEXT) Visites externes a entitats | 1 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PPP) Pràctiques en planta pilot de tecnologia dels aliments | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (VEXT) Visites externes a entitats | 2 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PPP) Pràctiques en planta pilot de tecnologia dels aliments | 3 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |
| (PPP) Pràctiques en planta pilot de tecnologia dels aliments | 4 | Catalan/Spanish | second semester | morning-mixed |