Guide in PDF format

Sociology of Religion

Code: 101133
Credits: 6

2026/2027

Degree programme	Type	Course
Sociology	OB	3

Contact lecturer

Name :: Avi Astor
Email :: avi.astor@uab.cat

Teaching staff

: Marta Simo Sanchez

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites for this course.

Objectives

The aim of this course is to familiarize students with major sociological debates around religion and to provide them with a qualitative methodological foundation for studying religious phenomena empirically. The course surveys classical approaches to studying religion from a sociological perspective, critically examines theories of secularization, and explores a range of sub-topics currently of interest in the field, including religious diversity, religion and nationalism, globalization and religious fundamentalism, conversion, and new age spiritualities. It also includes seminars dedicated to ethnographic methods, and qualitative research more generally.

The course is divided into three main sections:

1. "SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RELIGION: A CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION." This section introduces students to sociological approaches to studying religion and clarifies the differences between sociology and theology. The focus is primarily on the classics (e.g., Marx, Weber, and Durkheim), and the ongoing relevance of their ideas to contemporary dynamics surrounding religion.

2. "MODERNIZATION AND SECULARIZATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS." In this section, we examine theories of secularization, as well as various extensions and criticisms of such theories.

3. "GLOBALIZATION, PLURALISM, AND RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION." This section is structured around several current research topics in the sociology of religion related to globalization, pluralism, and religious transformation, including conversion, religious fundamentalism, the governance of religious diversity, ‘lived religion’, and new age spiritualities.

Learning outcomes

Students must be capable of managing their own time, planning their own study, managing the relationship with their tutor or adviser, as well as setting and meeting deadlines for a work project.
Developing self-learning strategies.
Respecting the diversity and plurality of ideas, people and situations.
Defining the sociological concepts that interpret the cultural phenomena.
Comparing the different theoretical approaches about culture.
Relating the theoretical approaches with debates about social order and action.
Explaining the social interpretations of culture according to these approaches.
Expressing the debates regarding these approaches, that refer to culture.
Relating the debates regarding these approaches, that refer to culture, with the historical context in which they emerged.
Defining the underlying social phenomena of cultural policies and conflicts.
Comparing the reading of cultural phenomena from several ideologies of the social reality of Spain and Catalonia.
Distinguishing the underlying cultural phenomena of specific policies or conflicts.
Relating the concepts, methods and techniques used to analyse culture with general theoretical and methodological debates.
Distinguishing the sociological concepts, as well as the methods and techniques of social investigation commonly used to analyse culture.
Distinguishing the sociological concepts about culture adopted by the actors involved in these policies and conflicts.
Distinguishing the explanations of cultural inequalities between classes, between genders and between ethnic groups that these actors take for granted.
Relating the explanations of cultural inequalities with general theoretical and methodological debates.

PART A: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RELIGION: A CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION

A.1. Course introduction: How do you study religion from a sociological perspective?

A.2. Classical views on religion: Marx

A.3. Classical views on religion: Weber

A.4. Classical views on religion: Durkheim

PART B: MODERNIZATION AND SECULARIZATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

B.1. Theories of secularization

B.2. Multiple secularities

B.3. Secularization in Spain and Catalonia

PART C: GLOBALIZATION, PLURALISM, AND RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION

C.1. Lived religion

C.2. Globalization and religious fundamentalism

C.3. Religious pluralism

C.4. Religion and the far right

C.5. Cultural religion

C.6. Religious sects

Learning activities and methodology

Title	Hours	ECTS	Learning outcomes
Activities	10	0.4	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Lectures	35	1.4	1, 2, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Assignments	55	2.2	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

The subject is organized around three activities:

a) Lectures that outline the main approach to the subject

b) Practical classes where readings are discussed and / or work is carried out around specific issues

c) The students complete assignments at home or during designated class hours

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title	Weight	Hours	ECTS	Learning outcomes
Mid-term exam	37,5%	15	0.6	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Final exam	37,5%	15	0.6	1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Assignments, activities and participation	25%	20	0.8	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

The subject will be evaluated on the basis of the following:

1) Assignments, activities and participation (25%): Various assignments and activities will be carried out throughout the semester. Attendance and participation are also evaluated.

2) Mid-term exam (37,5%): The exam will consist of several short essays on topics to be specified during the course. Students ust demonstrate that they have correctly understood the main contents of the first half of the course, and that they are able to argue theoretical positions in a rigorous way.

3) Final exam (37,5%): The exam will consist of several short essays on topics to be specified during the course. Students must demonstrate that they have correctly understood the main contents of the entire course, and that they can engage critically and creatively with lectures and assigned readings.

In addition, it is important to consider the following issues:

- Students who have neither completed the course assignments nor taken the exams will receive a grade of “not evaluable.”

- If a student does not pass, there is the possibility of a 'retake' exam. To participate in the retake exam, students must have been previously assessed in a set of activities whose evaluation comprises a minimum of two thirds of the total grade of the course. Students must also have obtained a minimum grade of 3,5 as an average for all the evaluated activities for the course in order to take the 'retake' exam. If a student takes the retake exam, the maximum possible grade for the course is a 5,0.

Single evaluation

For those who choose to undergo a single assessment, it will consist of a comprehensive exam of greater length comprising essays on material from the entire class. The revision of the final grade follows the same procedure as for the continuous evaluation, and the retake exam will be the same (a minimum of 3,5 is necessary to be able to take the retake exam).

Artificial Intelligence policy

For this subject, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively in support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction or translations. The student must clearly identify which parts have been generated with this technology, specify the tools used and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and the final result of the activity. A lack of transparency in the use of AI for class activities will be considered a lack of academic honesty and may lead to a partial or total reduction in the grade of the activity, or to greater sanctions in serious cases.

Plagiarism and other irregularities

Plagiarism is to use the work of others as if it were your own. When using books, articles, websites or any other material, it is mandatory to reference the original work, clearly indicatingwithin the text which references correspond to which phrases or sentences. When quoting a text word by word, it is essential to put the fragment quoted in quotation marks. Plagiarism is a serious infraction, equivalent to copying on an exam. In accordance with academic regulations, any irregularity that may lead to a significant variation in the grade of an evaluated activity will result in a grade of 0. In the event that several irregularities occur in evaluated activities for the same course, the final grade for this course will be 0.

For more information on plagiarism, see the guide on "How to cite and how to avoid plagiarism": <https://www.uab.cat/doc/GuiaCitesiPlagiEstudiants>. See also: <https://www.uab.cat/web/study-and-research/how-to-cite-and-create-your-bibliography-1345738248581.html>.

Bibliography

Bibliography

Ammerman, Nancy T. 2016. “Lived Religion as an Emerging Field: An Assessment of Its Contours and Frontiers.” Nordic Journal of Religión and Society 29(2):83–99.

Asad, Talal. 2003. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Astor, Avi. 2020. “Religion and Counter-State Nationalism in Catalonia.” Social Compass, 67(2):159–176.

Beaman, Lori G. 2003. “The Myth of Pluralism, Diversity, and Vigor: The Constitutional Privilege of Protestantism in the United States and Canada.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 42(3):311–25.

Beaman, Lori G. 2013. “Battles over Symbols: The ‘Religion’ of the Minority versus the ‘Culture’ of the Majority.” Journal of Law and Religion 28(1):67–104.

Beckford, James A. 2003. Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bellah, Robert N. 1967. “Civil Religion in America.” Daedalus 96(1):1–21.

Berger, Peter L. 1999. El dosel sagrado: para una teoría sociológica de la religión. Barcelona: Editorial Kairós.

Borkataky-Varma, Sravana and Sarabinh Levy-Brightman. 2025. Embodied Pedagogies in the Study of Religion. Routledge.

Bowen, John R. 2007. “A View from France on the Internal Complexity of National Models.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33(6):1003–16.

Braunstein, Ruth. 2017. “Muslims as Outsiders, Enemies, and Others: The 2016 Presidential Election and the Politics of Religious Exclusion.” American Journal of Cultural Sociology 5(3):355–72.

Brubaker, Rogers. 2012. “Religion and Nationalism: Four Approaches.” Nations and Nationalism 18(1):2–20.

Brubaker, Rogers. 2017. “Between Nationalism and Civilizationism: The European Populist Moment in Comparative Perspective.” Ethnicand Racial Studies 40(8):1191–1226.

Bruce, Steve. 2011. Secularization: In Defence of an Unfashionable Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Campbell, Heidi A. and Wendi Bellar. 2023. Digital Religion: The Basics. Routledge.

Casanova, José. 1994. Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Durkheim, Emile. 1995. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. New York: The Free Press.

Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah. 2000. “Multiple Modernities.” Daedalus 129(1):1–29.

Estruch, Joan, L’Opus Dei i Les Seves Paradoxes. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 1993.

Estruch, Joan, Joan Gomez, Maria del Mar Griera, i Agustí. Iglesias, Les Altres Religions. Minories Religioses a Catalunya. Barcelona: Mediterrània, 2004.

Estruch, Joan. Entendre les religions. Una perspectiva sociològica. Barcelona: Mediterrània, 2015.

Geerz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

Griera, Mar i Urgell, F. Consumiendo Religión. Barcelona: La Caixa, 2003.

Hanegraaff, Wouter J. 1999. “New Age Spiritualities as Secular Religion: A Historian’s Perspective.” Social Compass 46(2):145–60.

Kuru, Ahmet T. 2007. “Passive and Assertive Secularism: Historical Conditions, Ideological Struggles, and State Policies toward Religion.” World Politics 59(4):568–94.

Kuru, Ahmet T. 2009. Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Mahmood, Saba. 2018. Religious Difference in a Secular Age:A Minority Report. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. 1888. “Theses on Feuerbach.” http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm.

McGuire, Meredith B. 2008. Lived Religion: Faith andPractice in Everyday Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mellor, Philip A. and Chris Shilling. 2010. “Body Pedagogics and the Religious Habitus: A New Direction for the Sociological Study of Religion.” Religion 40(1):27–38.

Mijares Molina,Lauraand Ángeles Ramírez. 2008. “Mujeres, Pañuelo e Islamofobia En España: Un Estado de La Cuestión.” Anales de Historia Contemporánea 24:121–35.

Oshotse, Abraham, Yael Berda, and Amir Goldberg. 2024. “Cultural Tariffing: Appropriation and the Right to Cross Cultural Boundaries.” American Sociological Review 89(2):346–90.

Rogozen-Soltar, Mikaela. 2019. “Murabitun Religious Conversion: Time, Depth, and Scale among Spain’s New Muslims.” Anthropological Quarterly 92(2):509–39.

Roy, Olivier. 2013. Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways. London: Oxford University Press.

Scott, Joan W. 2005. “Symptomatic Politics: The Banning of Islamic Head Scarves in French Public Schools.” French Politics, Culture & Society 23(3):106–27.

Soper, J. Christopher and Joel S. Fetzer. 2007. “Religious Institutions, Church-State History and Muslim Mobilisation in Britain, France and Germany.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33(6):933–44.

Stepan, Alfred C. 2000. “Religion, Democracy, and the ‘Twin Tolerations.’” Journal of Democracy 11(4):37–57.

Sullins, D. Paul. 2006. “Gender and Religion: Deconstructing Universality, Constructing Complexity.” American Journal of Sociology 112(3):838–80.

Sullivan, Winnifred Fallers. 2005. The Impossibility of Religious Freedom. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Weber, Max. 1992. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London: Routledge.

Winchester, Daniel. 2008. “Embodying the Faith: Religious Practice and theMaking of a Muslim Moral Habitus.” Social Forces 86(4):1753–80. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20430827.

Wohlrab-Sahr, Monika and Marian Burchardt. 2012. “Multiple Secularities: Toward a Cultural Sociology of Secular Modernities.” Comparative Sociology 11(6):875–909.

Zubrzycki, Geneviève. 2012. “Religion, Religious Tradition, and Nationalism: Jewish Revival in Poland and ‘ReligiousHeritage’ in Québec.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 51(3):442–55.

Software

This subject does not require use of specific software.

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching	Group	Language	Semester	Shift
(TE) Theory	1	Catalan/Spanish	first semester	morning-mixed
(SEM) Seminars	1	Catalan/Spanish	first semester	morning-mixed
(TE) Theory	51	English	first semester	afternoon
(SEM) Seminars	51	English	first semester	afternoon