This course will be taught mostly following the problem-based learning (PBL) method. The class group will be divided into small groups that will independently work up to three different problems indicated by the teacher. At the beginning of each problem there will be a participatory lecture to introduce key concepts. Each of the problems will last approximately 13 classroom sessions, including the evaluation tests.

The student's role will be to actively participate in the working group, to assign group moderator roles, spokesperson and activities coordinator to the group members. They should also work individually to research, select and manage the information to share, discuss and re-elaborate the new knowledge with their workgroup. Finally, the group will prepare reports, present and/or discuss with the rest of the class the knowledge acquired, its application in the context of the problem and in other contexts. The groups could also present scientific articles relevant to each problem as seminars.

The role of professors will be to facilitate the learning process, stimulate group discussions and critical thinking, provide the necessary tools for students to build knowledge and guide them. If necessary, some additional participatory master classes can be performed. As supervised activities and to support the learning activities indicated above, individual and collective mentoring will be possible. At the beginning of the course, teachers will explain to the students the organization of the subject and will give the working guidelines.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

The evaluation of the subject consists of three units associated with each of the proposed problems. The evaluation of each unit will be made according to the following distribution:

1. Exams associated with each problem. Consistent in a specific written test or oral presentation where the course-specific competencies, concepts and methodologies worked on each problem is assessed. Only for problems 1 and 2. Weigh 15% each.

2. Deliveries and/or reports associated with the problems. The report may consist of a written assignment and/or an oral presentation. The number and specific weight of each delivery, report, and/ or co-evaluation activity, as well as their format, will be indicated in the problem presentation session. Global weight 60%.

3. Self-assessment of individual and teamwork. Each member of the group should evaluate himself/herself and the functioning of the team in solving the problem. The maximum mark is 1.0 points out of 10 (10%).

Optional seminars and active and creative participation in class/forum may add up to 1 point on the final grade of the subject. In some cases, co-evaluations of other students' seminars will be carried out.

To pass each unit the student must obtain at least a score of 4.5 points out of 10 in the individual exams. If the student does not pass any of the individual written tests, he/she will perform a retake examination. To be eligible for the retake process, the student should have been previously evaluated in a set of activities equaling at least two-thirds of the final score of the course or module.

To pass the subject, it is mandatory to attend a minimum of 20 classroom sessions, including attendance at the working sessions of the class group, whose date of celebration will be established during the course development. The absence without justification or non-profit of the classroom sessions may subtract up to 1 point from the final grade of the subject.

The students pass the course when the average mark of the evaluation activities is equal to or greater than 5.

The student will be graded as \"Non-evaluable\" if the weight of all conducted evaluation activities is less than 67% of t final score.

For those students who choose the single assessment system, this assessment will consist of a single written test in which the contents of the entire program of the subject will be evaluated. The test will consist of multiple choice questions, other types of short questions and topics to be developed. The grade obtained in this test will account for 30% of the final grade. In addition, students will deliver all the reports related to the different problems addressed during the course (65% of the final mark) and will do a self-assessment of their achievement (5%). The format and content of these reports will be indicated at the beginning of the course and could be different from the problems developed during the regular course. These students will be able to participate in classroom sessions and be part of group work without affecting the functioning of the teams. The single assessment test and the deadline for deliveries will coincide with the date of the last assessment activity. The same system for the retake examination and revision of the final qualification and the same criteria for passing will be applied as for the continuous evaluation.

Restricted use of AI by students is permitted. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted for supporting tasks related to the preparation of work deliveries, such as bibliographic, software or information searches, text correction or translation, and image generation. Students must clearly identify which parts have been generated using this technology, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these tools have influenced the process and the outcome of the activity. Lack of transparency regarding the use of AI in this assessed activity will be considered a breach of academic honesty and may result in a partial or total penalty in the grade for the activity.

IMPORTANT: Any irregularity committed during an assessment activity (such as academic fraud, plagiarism, or the improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorised in the course guide) that may lead to a significant change in the grade will result in that assessment activity being awarded a grade of 0. If the course guide establishes that obtaining a minimum grade in that assessment activity is an essential requirement for passing the course, or if several irregularities occur in assessment activities within the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0. In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.