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Animal Development and Embryonic Manipulation Techniques

Code: 100861
Credits: 6
2026/2027
Degree programme Type Course
Biochemistry OP 4

Contact lecturer

Name :
Zaida Sarrate Navas
Email :
zaida.sarrate@uab.cat

Teaching staff

Tamara Fernandez Cabada

Group languages

You can consult this information at the end of the document.

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites for taking the course. However, in order to achieve the learning aims, a basic knowledge of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology, Cell Culture, Molecular Biology, Cell Signaling, Biochemistry and Animal Physiology is recommended. It is also recommended to be familiar with the techniques used in these disciplines. Sources of information are usually in English and it is recommended that students have knowledge of this language.

Objectives

The aim of the course is to provide the student with knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in reproduction, preimplantation embryo development and early post implantation embryo development. Throughout the course, practical applications of the manipulation of gametes and embryos, fertility control and assisted reproduction techniques will also be discussed.

Learning outcomes

  • CM39 (Explain alterations in the pre- and postimplantation development of embryos, procedures for identifying vaccine and pharmacological targets, and the mechanisms of various types of drugs.) Explain alterations in the pre- and postimplantation development of embryos, procedures for identifying vaccine and pharmacological targets, and the mechanisms of various types of drugs.
  • KM41 (Describe the processes involved in gamete formation and fertilisation, as well as in pre- and postimplantation embryonic development.) Describe the processes involved in gamete formation and fertilisation, as well as in pre- and postimplantation embryonic development.
  • SM43 (Apply technologies for embryo manipulation, gene therapy and the production of transgenic drugs, vaccines and animals.) Apply technologies for embryo manipulation, gene therapy and the production of transgenic drugs, vaccines and animals.
  • SM44 (Analyse the ethical and legal aspects of cell therapy in humans, embryo manipulation, and the requirements for R+D, clinical and preclinical trials, and applications for patents and licences.) Analyse the ethical and legal aspects of cell therapy in humans, embryo manipulation, and the requirements for R+D, clinical and preclinical trials, and applications for patents and licences.

Contents

Theoretical classes program


I. Gametogenesis, fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development


Topic 1. Female gametogenesis. Male gametogenesis: General aspects of the male reproductive system. Spermatogenesis. Maduration of sperm: Epididimal functions. Ejaculation:characteristics and seminal parameters.


Topic 2. Fertilization.


Topic 3. Pre-implantation embryo development. Cell differentiation. Hatching


II. Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs)


Topic 4. Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs). Introduction to human sterility and infertility. Induction of ovulation. Artificial insemination. “In vitro” fertilization (IVF). Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). “In vitro” embryo culture .  Embryo transfer. Gamete donation. Epididimal and testicular sperm recovery. Sperm selection. Preconceptional and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.


Topic 5. Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos. General characteristics of cryopreservation. Vitrification. Cryopreservation of embryos. Cryopreservation of sperm. Criopreservation of oocytes and ovarian tissue. Gamete and embryo banks


Topic 6. Genetic risk related to ARTs.


Topic 7. Assisted reproduction in animals.


III. Technologies emerging from embryo manipulation


Topic 8. Cloning. Cell reprogramming and stem cells (ESC and IPS) in the field of reproduction.


IV. Post-implantation embryo development. Gastrulation and formation of axes.


Topic 9. Primary development in sea urchin. Embryonic division patterns. Formation of the blastula. Specification of the embryonic axes. Gastrulation.


Topic 10. Primary development in Drosophila. Formation of primary axes during oogenesis. Antero-posterior polarity of the oocyte. Generation of the antero-posterior pattern. Generation of the dorso-ventral pattern.Segmentation.


Topic 11. Primary development in amphibians. Gastrulation. Progressive determination of the axes. Molecular mechanisms of the formation of axes in amphibians. Regional specificity of neural induction.


Topic 12. Primary development in birds. Gastrulation and specification of axes. Organization in birds. Antero-posterior pattern. Left-right axis


Topic 13. Primary development in mammals. Gastrulation Antero-posterior axis. Dorsal-ventral axis. Left-right axis.


V. Organogenesis


Topic 14. Formation of the central nervous system. Formation of the neural tube. Differentiation. Differentiation of neurons in the brain. Cell differentiation into the vertebrate eye.


Topic 15. Miogenesis: Generation of muscle.


VI. Post-embryonic development


Topic 16. Maintenance of cell and tissue differentiation. Tissues with permanent cells. Compensatory regeneration in the mammalian liver. Renewal from stem cells: epidermis. Renewal from pluripotent stem cells: hematopoiesis.


Topic 17. Aging. Cellular senescence and apoptosis. Metabolic alterations related to aging. Possible molecular bases of aging.


 


Laboratory sessions program


Male and female gametogenesis


In vitro embryo manipulation and embryo culture


In vitro oocyte maturation


Freezing of gametes and embryos.


Embryo splitting


Analysis of a semen sample


Audio-visual tutorials 

Learning activities and methodology

Title Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Seminars 2 0.08 CM39, KM41, SM44
Topic preparation 16 0.64 KM41
Study and self learning concepts 78 3.12 KM41, SM43, SM44
Lectures 38 1.52 CM39, KM41, SM44
Practical sessions 12 0.48 SM43

Theory classes

The content of the theory program will be taught mainly by the teacher as lectures with audio-visual support. The presentations used in class by the teacher will be available in the Virtual Campus. It is recommended to the students to obtain this material and to use it as support when taking notes. Although it is not essential to extend the contents of the classes, unless specifically requested, students are advised to consult regularly the books and texts recommended in the bibliography section of this guide to consolidate and clarify, if necessary, the topics of the program.

In addition to the attendance to the classes, the follow-up of the topics will also imply an active role of the student, who will have to develop individually or in team parts of the theory program. Two hours will be devoted to seminars. During the first seminar hour, students will work in groups of up to four people on a research article. During the following session, one representative from each group will give a presentation lasting a maximum of 10 minutes, followed by 5 minutes for questions.

Laboratory practices:

The practical sessions are designed to learn the basic methodologies used in Reproductive Biology laboratories and to complement the theoretical training. The students will take a total of 4 sessions of 3 hours each, working in groups of 2 and, during the sessions, they will have to answer a questionnaire.

Annotation: within the schedule set by the centre or degree programme, 15 minutes of one class will be reserved for students to evaluate their lecturers and their courses or modules through questionnaires.

Assessment

Continuous assessment activities

Title Weight Hours ECTS Learning outcomes
Seminars 5 1 0.04 CM39, SM43, SM44
Second term examination 35 1 0.04 CM39, KM41, SM43, SM44
Evaluation of laboratory sessions 20 1 0.04 CM39, KM41, SM43
First term examination 40 1 0.04 CM39, KM41, SM43

To pass the subject it will be necessary to obtain a final grade equal to or greater than 5 points (out of 10) and have attended to the practical sessions.

The scheduled evaluation activities are:

  • First term exam: It will count on 40% of the final grade. The topics taught in the firts term of the theoretical sessions will be evaluated.
  • Second term exam: It will count on 40% of the final mark. The topics taught in the second term of the theoretical sessions will be evaluated.

In order to pass the subjects evaluated in these two theoretical exams and to use the mark obtained for the final mark, it will be necessary to obtain a mínimum mark of 3.5 out of 10 in the two examinations.

  • Retake exam: adressed to students who have not obtained a final matk to pass the subject and those who wants to improve their mark . The matk obtained in this examination will prevail. The methodology of the exam may be different from that used in previous assessments.

To participate in the retake exam, the students must have previously been evaluated in a set of activities whose weight equals to a minimum of two thirds of the total grade of the subject. Therefore, students will obtain the \"No-evaluable\" qualification when the assessed activities correspond to less than the 67% of the activities.

  • Evaluation of practical sessions: It will count on 20% of the final mark. The laboratory practices will be evaluated during its realization by a questionnaire. Attendance to the practical sessions is mandatory. The students will obtain the \"No-evaluable\" qualification.
  • Taking into account that practical sessions attendance is mandatory, an unjustified absence implies a penalty in the mark applying the following criteria:
  • To miss one day implies a reduction of 30% in the laboratory practice mark.
  • To miss two or more days implies a zero on the practice mark.
  • Students who can not attend their group session due to a justified cause are exempt from this penalty. The justified cause is understood to be health problems (the corresponding medical certificate must be brought to the coordinator of the practices) or serious personal problems. In this case, the practice will be recovered whenever possible.
  • Seminar Assessment: This will account for 5% of the final grade. Seminar sessions will be assessed during their delivery based on the quality and clarity of the presentation, as well as on the evaluation of the responses provided to the questions raised during the seminar.

Exam revisions: Exam revisions will be made individually, upon request, within the established deadlines.


UNIQUE EVALUATION

The unique evaluation consists of a synthesis written test in which the contents of the entire theorical programof the subject will be assessed. This test will weigh 80% on the final qualification of the subject. This test will be held on the same date fixed in the calendar for the second exam of the continuous evaluation, and the same recovery system will be applied as for the continuous assessment. In order to use the qualification obtained in this synthesis test to calculate the final mark of the subject, students must obtain a minimum score of 3.5 points in this exam.

The evaluation of laboratory practices will be carried out in the same way as described in the continuous evaluation, and will also have the same weight in the final mark (20%).

The same retake process and the not evaluated criteria will be applied as for continuous evaluation.


Use of AI:

Restricted use. For this subject, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies is permitted exclusively for support tasks, such as bibliographic or information searches, text correction, or translations for the development of seminars. Students must clearly identify which parts have been generated using this technology, specify the tools used, and include a critical reflection on how these have influenced the process and final result of the activity. Lack of transparency regarding the use of AI in this assessable activity will be considered a breach of academic honesty and may result in a partial or total penalty on the activity's grade, or major sanctions in severe cases.


Any irregularity committed in an assessment activity (academic fraud, plagiarism, or improper use of AI, unless such use is expressly authorized in the course syllabus) that may lead to a significant alteration of the grade will result in that assessment being graded with a 0 (fail). If the course guide stipulates that obtaining a minimum grade in that assessment is an essential requirement to pass the course, or if multiple irregularities occur in the assessment activities of the same course, the final grade for the course will be 0. In addition, disciplinary proceedings may be initiated against any student who commits any of these irregularities.

Bibliography

Bajo JM, B. Coroleu B. (Eds.) Fundamentos de Reproducción. Editorial Panamericana. Madrid. 2009.

Browder, Erickson, and Jeffery, Developmental Biology, Third Edition, 1991

Elder K., Dale B. In vitro fertilization. (3rd edition). Cambridge University Press. New York. 2011.

Gardner D.K. et al. (Eds.). Textbook of assisted Reproductive Techniques. Martin Dunitz Pub. Hampshire. 2001.

Gilbert, S.F. Developmental Biology 9a ed. Ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2009

        Free online book resource (4th edition):

              https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9983/

Gupta S.K. et al. (Eds.) Gamete Biology. Emerging frontiers in Fertility and Contraceptive Development.

Nottingham University Press. Nottingham. 2007.

Hafez B. and Hafez E.S.E. (Eds.).Reproduction in farm animals. 7th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. USA. 2000.

Harper J. (Ed.) Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. (2nd Edition). Cambridge University Press. New York (USA).2009.

Johnson M.H. and Everitt B.J. (Eds.) Essential Reproduction. 5th Edition. Blackwell Science. Oxford. 2005.

Knobil E. and Neill J.D. (Eds.). “Encyclopedia of Reproduction”. Vol 1-4.  Academic Press. San Diego (CA), USA. 1998.

Matorras R, Hernández J. (Eds.). Estudio y tratamiento de la pareja estéril. Adalia. Madrid. 2007.

Slack, Jonathan M. W.Essential Developmental Biology 3. Edition (2012) john Wiley & Sons

Wolf D.P. and Zelinski-Wooten M. (Eds.). Assisted fertilization and nuclear transfer in mammals. Humana Press. New Jersey. USA. 2001.

Wolpert Lewis, Rosa Beddington, Thomas Jessell, PeterLawrence, ElliotMeyerowitz, Jim Smith. Principles of Development, Second Edition . (2002) Oxford University Press

 

Specific bibliography will be recommended for the preparation of sections of the syllabus by the students.

Reviews and updated papers will be recommended during the course.

Web links containing rigorous and up-to-date information will be suggested.

Software

No specific software is used.

Course groups and languages

The information provided is provisional until November 30. After this date, you will be able to consult the language of each group through this link. To access the information, you will need to enter the course CODE

Type of teaching Group Language Semester Shift
(TE) Theory 34 Catalan/Spanish first semester morning-mixed
(PLAB) Practical laboratories 341 Catalan first semester afternoon
(PLABs) Suport a les pràctiques de laboratori 341 Catalan first semester afternoon